无法定位程序输入点except(Python办公自动化：一文搞懂Python错误和异常)

无法定位程序输入点except(Python办公自动化：一文搞懂Python错误和异常)

无法定位程序输入点except文章列表:

• 1、Python办公自动化：一文搞懂Python错误和异常
• 2、经验总结python面试必备技巧
• 3、关于新疆的24个谎言与真相
• 4、中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法双语全文
• 5、Python程序基础篇，保姆式教学，第一课变量类型、运算符和字符串

Python办公自动化：一文搞懂Python错误和异常

写python代码的小伙伴不可避免地会遇到代码执行错误和异常，这次就来详细且不失通俗地总结一下Python中的错误和异常。

先抛出两个问题：

什么是Python错误和异常?

如何处理Python错误和异常?

1、语法错误

语法错误可能是初学者最常遇到的，如下面熟悉的画面：

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

语法错误又称解析错误，又有老哥会问什么是解析错误？

简单来说是基本语法结构写错了，如：多任务写成一行、for循环没加‘:’等。

如下：

多任务写成一行

for循环没加‘:’

上面示例可以看到，针对语法错误，python解析器会输出错误的那一行，并且在最先找到的错误的位置标记了一个箭头。

2、异常

熟悉python语法后，可以避免语法错误，但是代码常会发生异常（Exception）。

还是两个问题：

异常是什么？

Python用异常对象(exception object)来表示异常情况。

遇到错误后，会引发异常。

如果异常对象并未被处理或捕捉，程序就会用所谓的回溯(traceback， 一种错误信息)终止执行。

异常和语法错误有什么区别呢？

错误：是指代码不符合解释器或者编译器语法

异常：是指不完整、不合法输入，或者计算出现错误

关于异常，举个例子：

Print('hello world')

这行代码出现异常，因为Print的p应该小写：

python抛出异常类型：NameError，即名字错误。

其它异常的例子：

可以看到，异常有不同的类型，发生异常后，其类型名称会被打印出来。上述这些都是python内置的异常，用户也可以自定义异常，这里不做赘述。

3、try...except...语句

有python编程经验的人会知道，python里用try...except...语句来处理异常情况。

先看个异常处理的示例：

看，我们完美地捕捉到了程序中的异常。

结合上面的示例，处理异常的规则是：把执行的语句放在 try 代码块中，将错误处理器代码放置在 except 代码块中，except会引发ZeroDivisionError异常来提醒Coder，这段代码的错误是零不能作为被除数。

except后面也可以不添加异常类型，会捕获所有出现的异常：

我们可以把try...except...原理归纳为几个要点：

首先，执行 try 子句 （try 和 except 关键字之间的（多行）语句）

如果没有异常发生，则跳过 except 子句 并完成 try 语句的执行

如果在执行try 子句时发生了异常，则跳过该子句中剩下的部分。然后，如果异常的类型和 except 关键字后面的异常匹配，则执行 except 子句 ，然后继续执行 try 语句之后的代码

如果发生的异常和 except 子句中指定的异常不匹配，则将其传递到外部的 try 语句中；如果没有找到处理程序，则它是一个 未处理异常，执行将停止并显示如上所示的消息

4、多个except子句

上面的try...except...语句只处理了一种异常，如果我想多匹配几个异常类型，怎么办呢？

这里就需要多个except子句来帮忙了，举个例子：

引发异常ZeroDivisionError

引发异常TypeError

上面我们用了两个except，匹配ZeroDivisionError和TypeError这两种异常，第一个代码捕捉到了ZeroDivisionError，第二段代码捕捉到了TypeError异常，一个都没有漏。

当然你还可以这样写：

也就是用一个except捕捉多个异常，异常类型放到except后面的元组里。

综上，对于多个except子句，可以总结为：

一个 try 语句可能有多个 except 子句，以指定不同异常的处理程序

最多会执行一个处理程序

处理程序只处理相应的 try 子句中发生的异常，而不处理同一 try 语句内其他处理程序中的异常

一个 except 子句可以将多个异常命名为带括号的元组

5、try...except Exception as e语句

我们常常会看看这样的写法：

try...except Exception as e

其中的e代表什么意思呢？

再举个例子：

通过示例可以知道，e输出了异常类型。

也就是说，Exception匹配了所有异常，把异常名称赋给了e。当然这里不一定非得是e，你可以取任何的变量名，只是约定俗称这样写罢了。

6、try...except...finally语句

try...except...finally语句可能并不那么常见，但它是非常有用的。

如果说，我想用python打开了一个txt文件，然后读取，写入，最后关闭文件对象。这是一套常规流程，如果我想捕捉代码过程中的异常，又要保证无论是否有异常，最后都必须要关闭文件。

这时候就用到finally，看下面例子：

上面代码，既捕捉到了异常，最终又关闭了文件对象。

finaly的作用是，无论except是否捕捉到异常，finally后面的代码都会执行，try获取了资源，finally释放资源，保证了收尾工作。

7、with...语句

with...语句是try-finally语句的简写，可以替代try-finally的功能。

表达式open('poem.txt')返回是一个_io.TextIOWrapper 类型的变量赋给f。

在with语句块中就可以使用这个变量操作文件。

执行with这个结构之后，f会自动关闭，相当于自带了一个finally。

8、总结

本文详细且清晰地讲解了Python中错误和异常的概念及其处理方式，通过具体案例展示try...except、try...finally、with...等句式的具体用法，期望能帮助到对此感到迷惑的初学者。

经验总结python面试必备技巧

私信我或关注微信号：猿来如此呀，回复：学习，获取免费学习资源包。

自我介绍

这是一道送分题，万年不变的第一个问题。不过有些小伙伴可能没有太在意，其实这个问题已经在面试官心中决定了你的去留意向。自我介绍的主要结构：个人基本信息 基本技术构成 项目经验（具体项目以及在项目中的负责部分） 自我评价，其中的原则就是紧紧围绕招聘岗位的需求做介绍。在此之前要做好准备工作，看看招聘方具体需要什么方向的研发工程师。目前针对Python，拉勾上的招聘多为自动化测试平台的设计与开发、数据的挖掘与清洗。单纯的web开发好像还没有，所以web方向的同学注意，多和运维以及自动化方面靠拢。

二段式询问

在面试的过程当中，在面试官提出问题的时候，往往会就问题本身引申出较深层次的问题。比如：你使用过with语句吗？我的回答是：with语句经常适用于对资源进行访问的场合，确保在访问的过程中不管是否发生异常都会指执行必要的清理操作，比如文件的自动关闭以及线程中锁的自动获取与释放。面试官紧接着问，那你知道为什么with语句能够使文件正确关闭，一下子把我问闷了，只能依稀记得with语句会开辟出一块独立环境来执行文件的访问，类似沙盒机制。面试官对这个答案不置可否，算是勉强通过了。所以知其然更要知其所以然。在平时的学习中，多问一个为什么，面试的时候就不会太被动。

不要给自己挖坑

确保你在回答面试官的过程中，回答中的每个知识点都了然于胸，不然被问住，是很难堪的。我在回答web安全问题时，顺嘴说了SQL注入，面试官说既然提到了SQL注入，那么你讲讲它的原理及解决方法吧！丢脸的是我竟然把XSS跨站注入攻击和SQL注入搞混了，场面也是有点尴尬。所以斟酌你说的每一句话，聪明点的同学还可以引导面试官，让他问出自己想要被问的问题。

必问到Redis，高并发解决办法

面试了好多家公司，必然问道Redis了解多少，高并发的解决办法。笔者回答的都不是很好。

这一年你学习了什么新的技能

这是面试官在考察你是否对于新鲜技术抱有极大热忱。面试我的面试官无一例外都问到了这个问题。他们都希望能找一个不断学习，开括创新的年轻人。多浏览最新的技术资讯，选择一方面自己感兴趣的领域。

你会选择创业公司还是像BAT那样的大公司，为什么？

当然是看招聘方属于哪一个公司啦，不过问这种问题的一般都是创业公司。答案无非是：挑战大，享受挑战；创业公司具有无限成功的可能性，想随公司一起成长；

为什么你要从上一家公司离职？

这也是一个必问问题，找一个比较正当的理由，不要说什么公司零食太多胖了20斤，公司周别附近的外卖都吃腻了，真的别这样说…主要原则就是不要对前公司抱有怨言，BOSS朝令夕改，PM不靠谱什么的，多寻找自身原因：公司发展比较稳定，但我还年轻，希望有更大的挑战和更多的学习机会。像这样就可以。

描述一下你的上一家公司

这个问题问到的几率不太大，不过也还是有三家公司问到过，招聘方主要想从上一家公司的具体经营规模以及主营业务来定位你的水平，知道招聘方的目的就可以从容应答。

技术性问题

非技术性的问题就是以上这么多，作为参考稍加准备，面试的时候就能对答如流。下面讲一下在面试中的技术性问题。个人感觉技术性的问题面试官问的没有特别多，一般考察2-3个，由浅到深。

简述函数式编程

在函数式编程中，函数是基本单位，变量只是一个名称，而不是一个存储单元。除了匿名函数外，Python还使用fliter(),map(),reduce(),apply()函数来支持函数式编程。

什么是匿名函数，匿名函数有什么局限性

匿名函数，也就是lambda函数，通常用在函数体比较简单的函数上。匿名函数顾名思义就是函数没有名字，因此不用担心函数名冲突。不过Python对匿名函数的支持有限，只有一些简单的情况下可以使用匿名函数。

如何捕获异常，常用的异常机制有哪些？

如果我们没有对异常进行任何预防，那么在程序执行的过程中发生异常，就会中断程序，调用python默认的异常处理器，并在终端输出异常信息。

try...except...finally语句:当try语句执行时发生异常，回到try语句层，寻找后面是否有except语句。找到except语句后，会调用这个自定义的异常处理器。except将异常处理完毕后，程序继续往下执行。finally语句表示，无论异常发生与否，finally中的语句都要执行。

assert语句：判断assert后面紧跟的语句是True还是False，如果是True则继续执行print，如果是False则中断程序，调用默认的异常处理器，同时输出assert语句逗号后面的提示信息。

with语句：如果with语句或语句块中发生异常，会调用默认的异常处理器处理，但文件还是会正常关闭。

copy()与deepcopy()的区别

copy是浅拷贝，只拷贝可变对象的父级元素。 deepcopy是深拷贝，递归拷贝可变对象的所有元素。

函数装饰器有什么作用（常考）

装饰器本质上是一个Python函数，它可以让其他函数在不需要做任何代码变动的前提下增加额外功能，装饰器的返回值也是一个函数对象。它经常用于有切面需求的场景，比如：插入日志、性能测试、事务处理、缓存、权限校验等场景。有了装饰器，就可以抽离出大量与函数功能本身无关的雷同代码并继续重用。

简述Python的作用域以及Python搜索变量的顺序

Python作用域简单说就是一个变量的命名空间。代码中变量被赋值的位置，就决定了哪些范围的对象可以访问这个变量，这个范围就是变量的作用域。在Python中，只有模块（module），类（class）以及函数（def、lambda）才会引入新的作用域。Python的变量名解析机制也称为 LEGB 法则：本地作用域（Local）→当前作用域被嵌入的本地作用域（Enclosing locals）→全局/模块作用域（Global）→内置作用域（Built-in）

新式类和旧式类的区别,如何确保使用的类是新式类

为了统一类(class)和类型(type)，python在2.2版本引进来新式类。在2.1版本中，类和类型是不同的。

为了确保使用的是新式类，有以下方法：

放在类模块代码的最前面 __metaclass__ = type

从内建类object直接或者间接地继承

在python3版本中，默认所有的类都是新式类。

简述__new__和__init__的区别

创建一个新实例时调用__new__,初始化一个实例时用__init__,这是它们最本质的区别。

new方法会返回所构造的对象，init则不会.

new函数必须以cls作为第一个参数，而init则以self作为其第一个参数.

Python垃圾回收机制(常考)

Python GC主要使用引用计数（reference counting）来跟踪和回收垃圾。在引用计数的基础上，通过“标记-清除”（mark and sweep）解决容器对象可能产生的循环引用问题，通过“分代回收”（generation collection）以空间换时间的方法提高垃圾回收效率。

1 引用计数

PyObject是每个对象必有的内容，其中ob_refcnt就是做为引用计数。当一个对象有新的引用时，它的ob_refcnt就会增加，当引用它的对象被删除，它的ob_refcnt就会减少.引用计数为0时，该对象生命就结束了。

优点:

简单 实时性 缺点:

维护引用计数消耗资源 循环引用

2 标记-清除机制

基本思路是先按需分配，等到没有空闲内存的时候从寄存器和程序栈上的引用出发，遍历以对象为节点、以引用为边构成的图，把所有可以访问到的对象打上标记，然后清扫一遍内存空间，把所有没标记的对象释放。

3 分代技术

分代回收的整体思想是：将系统中的所有内存块根据其存活时间划分为不同的集合，每个集合就成为一个“代”，垃圾收集频率随着“代”的存活时间的增大而减小，存活时间通常利用经过几次垃圾回收来度量。

Python默认定义了三代对象集合，索引数越大，对象存活时间越长。

Python中的@property有什么作用?如何实现成员变量的只读属性？

@property装饰器就是负责把一个方法变成属性调用，通常用在属性的get方法和set方法，通过设置@property可以实现实例成员变量的直接访问，又保留了参数的检查。另外通过设置get方法而不定义set方法可以实现成员变量的只读属性。

*args and **kwargs

*args代表位置参数，它会接收任意多个参数并把这些参数作为元组传递给函数。**kwargs代表的关键字参数，允许你使用没有事先定义的参数名，另外，位置参数一定要放在关键字参数的前面。

有用过with statement吗？它的好处是什么？具体如何实现？

with语句适用于对资源进行访问的场合，确保不管使用过程中是否发生异常都会执行必要的“清理”操作，释放资源，比如文件使用后自动关闭、线程中锁的自动获取和释放等。

what will be the output of the code below? explain your answer

def extend_list(val, list=[]): list.append(val) return listlist1 = extend_list(10)list2 = extend_list(123, [])list3 = extend_list('a')print(list1) # list1 = [10, 'a']print(list2) # list2 = [123, []]print(list3) # list3 = [10, 'a']class Parent(object): x = 1class Child1(Parent): passclass Child2(Parent): passprint(Parent.x, Child1.x, Child2.x) # [1,1,1]Child1.x = 2print(Parent.x, Child1.x, Child2.x) # [1,2,1]Partent.x = 3print(Parent.x, Child1.x, Child2.x) # [3,2,3]

在一个二维数组中，每一行都按照从左到右递增的顺序排序，每一列都按照从上到下递增的顺序排序。请完成一个函数，输入这样的一个二维数组和一个整数，判断数组中是否含有该整数。

arr = [[1,4,7,10,15], [2,5,8,12,19], [3,6,9,16,22], [10,13,14,17,24], [18,21,23,26,30]]def getNum(num, data=None): while data: if num > data[0][-1]: del data[0] print(data) getNum(num, data=None) elif num < data[0][-1]: data = list(zip(*data)) del data[-1] data = list(zip(*data)) print(data) getNum(num, data=None) else: return True data.clear() return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': print(getNum(18, arr))

获取最大公约数、最小公倍数

a = 36b = 21def maxCommon(a, b): while b: a,b = b, a%b return adef minCommon(a, b): c = a*b while b: a,b = b, a%b return c//aif __name__ == '__main__': print(maxCommon(a,b)) print(minCommon(a,b))

获取中位数

def median(data): data.sort() half = len(data) // 2 return (data[half] data[~half])/2l = [1,3,4,53,2,46,8,42,82]if __name__ == '__main__': print(median(l))

输入一个整数，输出该数二进制表示中1的个数。其中负数用补码表示。

def getOneCount(num): if num > 0: count = b_num.count('1') print(b_num) return count elif num < 0: b_num = bin(~num) count = 8 - b_num.count('1') return count else: return 8if __name__ == '__main__': print(getOneCount(5)) print(getOneCount(-5)) print(getOneCount(0))

本文只做抛砖引玉之用，有些见解还不是特别成熟，希望可以为学习Python找工作的伙伴们提供一些帮助，面试过程当中最重要的一点是放平心态，求职过程是双方的，不需要太过紧张，把自己掌握的知识充分表达出来就好。只要你是匹千里马，迟早会被伯乐牵出来遛一遛的。

来源网络，侵权删除

关于新疆的24个谎言与真相

日前，新华社刊发了关于涉疆问题的谎言与事实真相。以下为双语全文：

关于新疆的24个谎言与真相

Fact Check: Lies on Xinjiang-related issues versus the truth

引言

Preface

中国新疆是个好地方。56个民族像石榴籽一样紧紧抱在一起，共同建设美好家园，推动新疆社会稳定安宁，经济繁荣发展，文化传承昌盛，民族团结和谐，宗教信仰自由，各族人民安居乐业。

Northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is a land of beauty, diversity and unity. Fifty-six ethnic groups are closely united as family members, just like pomegranate seeds that stick together, to build a beautiful homeland, maintain social stability, and realize economic development and prosperity, flourishing cultural heritage preservation, ethnic unity and harmony, and freedom of religious belief, with people of different ethnic groups living and working in peace and contentment.

但一段时间以来，美西方一些反华势力颠倒黑白、无中生有，炮制散布大量涉疆虚假信息，抹黑中国形象，诋毁中国治疆政策，干涉中国内政，企图蒙骗国际社会、干扰破坏新疆稳定发展。

However, some anti-China forces in the West, including the United States, have concocted and disseminated plenty of false information about Xinjiang. They have smeared China's image, slandered its policies on Xinjiang, interfered in China's internal affairs, and attempted to deceive the international community and disrupt the stability and development of Xinjiang.

谎言终究是谎言，只能蒙蔽一时，无法取信于世。当面对事实与真相，谎言终将无所遁形，归于毁灭。

Lies may mislead people for a while, but cannot win the trust of the world. Facts and truthfulness will eventually bust all lies.

涉疆问题不是民族、宗教、人权问题，而是反暴恐反分裂问题。中国政府在新疆依法开展反恐和去极端化工作，保护人民生命安全，得到各族群众衷心拥护。新疆社会持续稳定发展、各族人民安居乐业就是戳破涉疆谎言的最有力武器。

Xinjiang-related issues are not about human rights, ethnicity or religion at all, but about combating violent terrorism and separatism. The Chinese government has launched anti-terrorism and de-radicalization efforts in Xinjiang in accordance with the law to protect people's lives, which has garnered ardent support of people from all ethnic groups. People in the region continue to embrace peace and prosperity and Xinjiang society continues to develop steadily. These facts are the most powerful tool to debunk lies surrounding Xinjiang.

我们摘录了反华势力炮制的一些典型涉疆谣言谎言，在这里有针对性地予以回应，列明事实，说明真相，以正视听。

We have chosen some typical Xinjiang-related rumors and lies fabricated by anti-China forces, and debunked them with facts to set the record straight.

谎言一：蓬佩奥称中国政府对新疆维吾尔族及其他少数民族实施“种族灭绝”。

Lie No. 1: Mike Pompeo claimed that the Chinese government had committed "genocide" against Uygurs and other ethnic minorities in Xinjiang.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆近年来，新疆维吾尔族人口持续增长。2010年至2018年，新疆维吾尔族人口从1017.15万人上升至1271.84万人，增加254.69万人，增长25.04%，维吾尔族人口的增幅不仅高于全疆人口13.99%的增幅，也高于全部少数民族人口22.14%的增幅，更明显高于汉族人口2.0%的增幅。

In recent years, the Uygur population in Xinjiang has been growing steadily. From 2010 to 2018, the Uygur population in Xinjiang rose from 10.17 million to 12.72 million, an increase of 2.55 million or 25.04 percent. The growth rate of the Uygur population is not only higher than that of Xinjiang's total population, which is 13.99 percent, but also higher than that of all ethnic minority groups, which is 22.14 percent, let alone the Han population's 2 percent.

◆当前新疆社会大局稳定，人民安居乐业，经济社会发展和民生改善取得了前所未有的成就。2014年至2019年，新疆地区生产总值由9195.9亿元增长到13597.1亿元，年均增长7.2%。新疆居民人均可支配收入年均增长9.1%。脱贫攻坚取得决定性成就。现行标准下308.9万贫困人口全部脱贫，新疆绝对贫困问题得到历史性解决。

-- Xinjiang enjoys social stability, with the people living and working in peace and contentment. The region has made unprecedented achievements in economic and social development and improvement of people's livelihood. From 2014 to 2019, the GDP of Xinjiang increased from 919.59 billion yuan to 1.36 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 7.2 percent. The per capita disposable income in Xinjiang increased by an average annual rate of 9.1 percent. Remarkable achievements have been made in poverty alleviation. All 3.09 million impoverished people in Xinjiang have been lifted out of poverty. The absolute poverty problem in Xinjiang has been resolved historically.

◆新疆各族人民合法权益得到有效保护。各民族不论人口多少，都具有同等法律地位，都依法享有参与国家事务管理、宗教信仰自由、接受教育、使用本民族语言文字、继承本民族传统文化等各项权利。

-- The legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have been protected. All ethnic groups, regardless of their population, have the same legal status and enjoy various rights in accordance with the law, including participation in the management of state affairs, freedom of religious belief, receiving education, using their own languages, and preserving their traditional culture.

谎言二：郑国恩发布报告称，中国新疆对维吾尔族妇女实施“强制绝育”，造成维族人口大幅下降。

Lie No. 2: Adrian Zenz released reports claiming Xinjiang has carried out "forced sterilization" on the Uygur women, resulting in a sharp decline in the Uygur population.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆Adrian Zenz（中文名：郑国恩）并非“中国问题研究专家”，而是美政府成立的极右翼组织“共产主义受害者纪念基金会”成员，也是美情报机构操纵设立的反华机构骨干，更是一个臭名昭著的种族主义者。

Adrian Zenz is not a so-called "expert on China studies," but a member of the far-right group "Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation" sponsored by the U.S. government. He is also a key figure in an anti-China organization set up by U.S. intelligence agencies and a notorious racist.

◆郑国恩的“报告”充斥着大量捏造事实、篡改数据的地方。“报告”提到所谓“强制绝育”证据：“2018年中国80%的宫内节育器的新增例数都发生在新疆”和“2018年新疆和田和喀什地区人口自然增长率仅为2.58‰”都与客观事实严重不符。

-- Adrian Zenz's "reports" are full of fabrications and data manipulation. The so-called evidence of "forced sterilization" in the "reports" claims that 80 percent of the new intrauterine device (IUD) insertion procedures in China for 2018 were performed in Xinjiang and that the natural population growth rate in Hotan and Kashgar of Xinjiang in 2018 was only 2.58 per 1,000 people. The "evidence" is extremely inconsistent with the facts.

根据国家卫健委出版的《中国卫生健康统计年鉴2019》数据显示，2018年新疆新增放置节育器例数为328475例，全国新增例数为3774318例，新疆新增例数仅占全国新增例数的8.7%。据新疆维吾尔自治区统计局发布的2019年《新疆统计年鉴》显示，2018年喀什地区人口自然增长率为6.93‰，和田地区为2.96‰。

-- According to data from China Health Statistics Yearbook 2019, published by the National Health Commission, the number of new IUD insertion procedures in Xinjiang in 2018 came in at 328,475, accounting for only 8.7 percent of China's total, which was 3,774,318.

-- According to the 2019 Xinjiang statistical yearbook released by the statistics bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the natural population growth rates in Kashgar and Hotan were 6.93 per 1,000 people and 2.96 per 1,000 people, respectively, in 2018.

谎言三：英国广播公司（BBC）“新闻之夜”爆料，早木热·达吾提称其在新疆教培中心“被强制绝育”。

Lie No. 3: BBC Newsnight once reported that Zumrat Dawut (Zamira Dawut) was "forced to go through sterilization" in a vocational education and training center.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆早木热·达吾提从未在教培中心学习过。她的五哥阿不都黑力·达吾提此前已经澄清过。

Zamira Dawut has never studied in any vocational education and training center. Her elder brother Abduhelil Dawut has previously clarified that.

◆她称自己从教培中心获释后，因生育三个孩子被“强制绝育”，摘除子宫。事实上2013年3月，早木热·达吾提在乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院妇产医院生第三个孩子时，自己在《分娩志愿同意书》上签字，表示同意剖宫产、要结扎，随后在医院做了剖宫产、结扎手术，根本没有被绝育，更没有被摘除子宫。

-- She claimed that after "her release" from a center, she was forced to be sterilized and her uterus was removed because she has already had three children. In fact, in March 2013, when Zamira Dawut gave birth to her third child in Urumqi Maternal and Child Care Service Center, she signed a childbirth consent form voluntarily to have a cesarean section and tubal ligation, and then the center conducted the operation. She was never sterilized, not to mention uterus removal.

◆她称她年迈父亲数次遭到新疆当局的拘押和调查，并在不久前去世，死因不明。事实上，她父亲一直同子女正常生活，从未被“调查”或“拘押”，由于患有冠状动脉性心脏病于2019年10月12日去世。她的五哥阿不都黑力·达吾提、三哥艾尔肯·达吾提都澄清过。

-- She claimed that her aging father was repeatedly detained and investigated by Xinjiang authorities, and died not long ago from an unknown cause. In fact, her father had been living with his children until he died from heart disease on Oct. 12, 2019. He had never been investigated or placed in detention. Her brothers Abduhelil Dawut and Elkin Dawut have both substantiated the facts.

◆她称“在结对亲戚家遭遇猪肉宴”。事实上，早木热·达吾提所称其“结对亲戚”，实际上是她的五哥阿不都黑力·达吾提的结对亲戚赵麒麟。2017年10月，阿不都黑力·达吾提与赵麒麟结为亲戚。2018年1月，赵麒麟邀请阿不都黑力·达吾提一家前往家中做客，早木热·达吾提本人一同参加。赵麒麟母亲亲自下厨为客人准备饭菜。因赵麒麟母亲为回族，饮食清真，根本不可能提供“猪肉宴”。

-- She claimed that she was served with pork in a relative's home. In fact, the relative she referred to is her elder brother Abduhelil Dawut's pairing relative Zhao Qilin. In October 2017, Abduhelil was paired up with Zhao as "relatives," as part of an ethnic unity program. In January 2018, Abduhelil was invited to Zhao's home as a guest, in company with his younger sister Zamira Dawut. The meal was prepared by Zhao's mother, who herself is an ethnic Hui and a Muslim, and only eats halal food. It was impossible for her to provide a "pork meal."

谎言四：米日古丽·图尔逊在接受外国媒体采访时称，她在教培中心期间被迫服用未知药物，后被美国医生确定为绝育。

Lie No. 4: In interviews with foreign media, Mihrigul Tursun said that she was forced to take unknown medications in a vocational education and training center and was diagnosed as infertile by American doctors.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆2017年4月21日，米日古丽·图尔逊因涉嫌煽动民族仇恨和民族歧视被新疆且末县公安局刑事拘留。因其患有梅毒等传染病，出于人道主义考虑，县公安局于2017年5月10日撤销对其采取的强制措施。除了这20天刑事拘留外，米日古丽·图尔逊在中国期间是完全自由的，从来没有被判刑，从来没有在任何教培中心学习过，更没有被迫服用药物的情况。另据了解，米日古丽·图尔逊没有在中国做过节育手术的记录。

On April 21, 2017, Mihrigul Tursun was taken into custody by the public security bureau of Qiemo County on suspicion of inciting ethnic hatred and discrimination. During this period, she was found to have infectious diseases such as syphilis. Out of humanitarian consideration, the county public security bureau terminated the measures against her on May 10, 2017. Except the 20 days of criminal detention, Mihrigul was totally free while in China. She was never sentenced, nor did she study in any vocational education and training center, let alone being forced to take medications. There are no records of her undergoing a sterilization procedure in China.

谎言五：新疆设立“再教育营”，拘押数百万维吾尔穆斯林。

Lie No. 5: Xinjiang sets up "re-education camps" to detain millions of Uygur Muslims.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆从来不存在所谓“再教育营”。

Xinjiang has never had any so-called "re-education camps."

◆新疆依法设立的职业技能教育培训中心（以下称：教培中心）属于学校性质，是新疆采取的预防性反恐和去极端化举措。目的是从源头上铲除恐怖主义和极端主义滋生的土壤。有关举措借鉴了国际社会反恐和去极端化经验，践行了联合国《防止暴力极端主义行动计划》所倡导的利用发展、教育等资源遏制极端思潮的理念，完全符合《联合国全球反恐战略》等一系列国际反恐决议的原则和精神。新疆采取反恐和去极端化举措已取得积极成效，连续4年多未发生暴力恐怖案件。

-- The vocational education and training centers established in Xinjiang in accordance with the law were education and training institutions in nature and were preventive counter-terrorism and deradicalization measures taken by Xinjiang. The aim was to eradicate the breeding ground for terrorism and extremism from the source. The relevant measures drew on the international community's experience in combating terrorism and deradicalization and implemented the idea of using development, education, and other resources to curb extremist ideologies, as advocated in the UN Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism. It fully complied with the principles and spirit of a series of international counter-terrorism resolutions, including the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Xinjiang's counter-terrorism and deradicalization measures have achieved positive results. There have been no violent terrorist cases for over four consecutive years in the region.

◆教培中心学员通过“三学一去”，即学习国家通用语言文字、法律知识和职业技能，实现去极端化目标。2019年10月，在新疆教培中心参加“三学一去”培训的学员已全部结业，并大都实现了稳定就业，过上了安宁生活。

-- The vocational education and training centers offered a curriculum that included standard spoken and written Chinese, understanding of the law and training in vocational skills to achieve the goal of deradicalization. By October 2019, all the trainees in such centers had completed their studies and graduated, and most of them have found stable jobs and lived a peaceful life.

谎言六：新疆教培中心对学员进行“宗教控制”、政治灌输和恐吓酷刑。

Lie No. 6: Xinjiang vocational education and training centers exercised "religious control," political indoctrination, intimidation and torture over the trainees.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆教培中心充分尊重和保护学员宗教信仰自由、民族风俗习惯和使用本民族语言文字的权利。信教学员回家时可以自主决定是否参与合法宗教活动；免费提供种类繁多、营养丰富的清真饮食；各项规章制度、课程表、食谱等均使用国家通用语言文字和当地少数民族语言文字。

The vocational education and training centers fully respected and protected trainees' freedom of religious belief, ethnic customs and habits, and the right to use their own ethnic spoken and written languages. The trainees could decide on their own whether to take part in legal religious activities when they got home; a variety of nutritious Muslim food was provided free of charge; and the regulations, curriculum, and menus at the centers all used local ethnic languages as well as standard Chinese.

◆教培中心充分保障学员人身自由和人格尊严。教培中心实行寄宿制管理，学员有事请假、可定期回家，有通信自由。教培中心严禁以任何方式对学员进行人格侮辱和虐待，根本不存在所谓的“打压少数民族”“迫害穆斯林”。

-- The vocational education and training centers fully guaranteed the trainees' personal freedom and dignity. The centers employed a residential education model which allowed trainees to go back home on a regular basis, ask for leave to attend to personal affairs, and enjoy the freedom of correspondence. The centers strictly prohibited any form of humiliation or mistreatment. There were no such things as "suppressing ethnic minorities" or "persecuting Muslims."

◆教培中心各项生活设施齐全。宿舍统一配齐广播、电视、空调或风扇；设有医务室、法律咨询室和心理咨询室，免费向学员提供健康诊疗、法律答疑和心理咨询服务；建有篮球、排球、乒乓球等体育活动场所，阅览室、计算机室和放映室等文化活动场所，以及小礼堂、露天舞台等文艺表演场所。经常性举办民族歌舞、体育比赛等课外活动，最大限度满足学员在学习、生活、娱乐等方面的诸多诉求。所有学员均享受养老、医疗等社会保险，免费参加全民健康体检。

-- The centers had well-equipped facilities. The dormitories were equipped with radio, TVs, air-conditioners or electric fans. Medical facilities, legal-counseling and mental-counseling rooms provided relevant services free of charge. The centers had sports venues for basketball, volleyball and table tennis, facilities for cultural activities, such as reading rooms, computer rooms and movie-screening rooms, as well as cultural and art performance venues, such as small auditoriums and open-air stages. Extra-curricular activities, such as folk songs and dances, sports competitions, etc., were held regularly to meet the various needs of trainees in study, life and entertainment to the maximum extent. All the trainees were covered in the public pension and medical insurance schemes, and were entitled to free health examinations.

谎言七：境外一些媒体和社交平台有“寻人帖”，海外维吾尔人称自己在新疆的“亲人”“朋友”“失联”“失踪”。

Lie No. 7: Some overseas Uygur people have been claiming "their relatives or friends in Xinjiang cannot be contacted and have gone missing" on overseas media and social media platforms.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆依法保障包括维吾尔族在内的各族群众的出行自由，以及他们与境外亲属之间的通讯联系。

Xinjiang protects the freedom of travel of people of all ethnic groups, including the Uygurs, and their communication with overseas relatives according to law.

◆经有关部门核查，海外“东突”分子提到的所谓“失联”人员，有的在社会正常活动，有的纯属凭空编造。

-- Verification with relevant departments shows that some allegedly "missing" people, mentioned by the "East Turkistan" separatists overseas, are living a normal life, while other "missing" incident reports are pure fabrications.

“澳大利亚广播公司”曾报道在澳居住的中国公民艾孜买提·吾买尔与疆内的父亲、继母、三个兄弟、两个姐妹和20多个侄子、侄女、外甥、外甥女“失联”。但经核查发现，其在华所有亲属均正常生活。

-- The Australian Broadcasting Corporation once reported that Azmat Omar, a Chinese citizen living in Australia, claimed that he had lost contact with his family in Xinjiang. They included his father, stepmother, three brothers, two sisters, and over 20 other relatives. However, the fact is that all his relatives in China are living a normal life.

2020年2月联合国人权理事会会期期间，“世维会”在日内瓦万国宫前的“断椅广场”展示一系列所谓“受中国政府迫害的维吾尔族人”的照片。后经查证，这些照片为不实信息，是被分裂组织盗取的维吾尔族人员的照片和个人信息，他们在社会上正常生活。

-- During a UN Human Rights Council session in February 2020, the "World Uygur Congress" organized an activity outside the Palace of Nations in Geneva. They posted pictures of so-called "Uygurs persecuted by the Chinese government." These pictures were later discredited as disinformation. Those in the pictures are living normal lives. Separatist groups stole their photos and personal information.

谎言八：新疆利用新冠病毒消灭维吾尔人，不少人感染病毒后悲惨去世。

Lie No. 8: Xinjiang uses the coronavirus to wipe out Uygurs, with many tragic deaths after infection.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，新疆坚决打好疫情防控阻击战，短时间内有效遏制疫情，自治区政府在国务院联防联控机制专家组支持下，按照“集中病例、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治”的原则，全力救治确诊患者。自治区政府实施分区分级、精准防控策略，采取差异化科学防控措施，加强对社会单位、人员密集场所和重点场所防控，最大限度消除疫情传播蔓延风险；自治区政府千方百计保障蔬菜、水果、肉蛋奶、粮食等居民生活必需品生产供应，确保物资充足、质量保证、价格稳定，这一系列措施得到了新疆各族群众的普遍支持。经过全疆上下努力，新疆地区826例确诊病例全部治愈出院，无一人死亡。

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, Xinjiang has resolutely fought against the virus and effectively contained the epidemic within a short period. With the support of the expert team from the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism, the local government made all-out efforts to treat patients. The regional government adopted a targeted prevention and control approach with differentiated, scientific measures. It also strengthened epidemic prevention and control in places such as crowded and key venues to minimize the risk of virus spread. The local government has also made every effort to ensure the production and supply of food and other daily necessities while maintaining their sufficiency, quality and stable prices. These measures were widely supported by people of different ethnic groups in Xinjiang. Thanks to concerted efforts, all 826 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Xinjiang have been discharged from hospital after treatment, without even a single death.

谎言九：中国系统性将新疆8万名维吾尔人转移至其他省份的工厂进行强迫劳动。

Lie No. 9: China systematically transferred 80,000 Uygurs out of Xinjiang and assigned them as "forced labor" to factories in other provinces.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府本着高度负责态度积极促进就业。南疆四地州贫困人口多、贫困面大、贫困程度深，工业化、城镇化发展滞后，就业岗位有限，难以完全满足当地群众脱贫就业愿望。从这一实际情况出发，新疆各级政府在充分尊重各族群众就业意愿和需求的基础上，积极采取就地就近就业、疆内跨地区就业、对口援疆省市转移就业等措施，帮助各族群众实现就业、摆脱贫困、过上幸福生活，充分保障了新疆各族群众劳动就业权。

The government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region works with a strong sense of responsibility to promote employment. Southern Xinjiang was an underdeveloped area with a low degree of industrialization and urbanization, where many people suffered from poverty due to lack of job opportunities. Based on the realities, local governments at all levels have taken active measures to help those in need of secure employment. These measures included creating job opportunities nearby, facilitating work in other areas in Xinjiang, or transferring work forces to other provinces and cities paired up to assist Xinjiang. Such measures have helped residents rise above poverty through employment and lead fulfilling lives, while guaranteeing various ethnic groups' right to labor and employment.

◆自2018年以来，新疆累计15.1万人转移就业，其中大多数是疆内跨地区就业，到其他省市就业约1.47万人，主要通过同乡介绍、亲戚帮带、人力资源市场匹配岗位等方式实现。新疆赴其他省份务工人员的民族风俗、语言文化和宗教信仰等方面权益都依法得到充分保障。他们不少人年收入达到4.5万元，比在老家务农或务工的收入高出数倍。

-- Since 2018, 151,000 people in poverty-stricken families in southern Xinjiang have secured jobs away from their homes. Most of them worked in other parts of Xinjiang, while about 14,700 worked outside the region with the help of fellow villagers and relatives, or through human resources agencies. Those who work outside Xinjiang have their rights to customs, language and culture, and religious belief fully guaranteed. Many earn an annual income of 45,000 yuan, several times higher than the income from farming or working in their hometowns.

谎言十：新疆强迫大量维吾尔人摘棉花，污染全球供应链。

Lie No. 10: Xinjiang forced a large number of Uygurs to pick cotton, contaminating the global supply chain.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆前些年，每到棉花成熟的秋季，河南、四川等地有很多农民工坐着火车到新疆采棉，他们被称为“采棉大军”。新疆也有各族农民工前去采棉，他们一起劳动，相互关心，结下了深厚友谊。疆内外的这些采棉工都是自愿去的，短短一个月收入就能达到上万元。

A few years ago, when cotton matured in autumn, many migrant workers from Henan, Sichuan and other places would take trains to Xinjiang to pick cotton. They were called "the cotton-picking forces." Migrant workers of various ethnic groups in Xinjiang would also go to pick cotton. They worked together, cared for each other and forged a deep friendship. These cotton pickers in and out of Xinjiang were all voluntary, and their incomes could reach over 10,000 yuan in just a month.

◆这些年，随着科技的发展，新疆的棉花生产已经实现了高度机械化，即使在忙碌的采摘季节，也根本用不着大量的“采棉工”。比如，自2015年开始，新疆巴州地区的棉花，大部分已经使用机器采摘。

-- In recent years, with the development of science and technology, cotton production has been highly mechanized in Xinjiang. Even in the busy cotton harvesting season, there is no need for a large number of cotton pickers. For example, since 2015, most of the cotton in the Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bayingolin in Xinjiang has been harvested by machines.

谎言十一：新疆对少数民族采取同化政策，试图系统性消灭维吾尔文化。

Lie No. 11: Xinjiang adopts an assimilation policy towards ethnic minorities in an attempt to systematically eliminate the Uygur culture.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆维吾尔自治区各民族充分享有保持或者改革本民族的风俗习惯的自由。新疆维吾尔自治区严格遵守宪法和法律规定，高度重视各民族优秀传统文化的保护和发展。

All ethnic groups in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region enjoy full freedom to preserve or reform their own customs and habits. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region strictly abides by the Constitution and laws, and attaches great importance to the protection and development of excellent traditional culture of all ethnic groups.

◆新疆各民族文化遗产得到保护。一批代表维吾尔、蒙古、回、锡伯等少数民族优秀历史文化遗产的著名建筑，如喀什阿帕克和卓麻扎、霍城秃黑鲁·帖木尔汗麻扎、昭苏喇嘛庙、和静蒙古王爷府、且末托乎拉克庄园等，均得到了妥善维修和保护。维吾尔木卡姆艺术、柯尔克孜史诗《玛纳斯》等被列入联合国教科文组织“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”和“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录”。

-- The cultural heritage of all ethnic groups has been protected in Xinjiang. A batch of renowned architectural sites representing the preeminent historical and cultural heritage of the Uygur, Mongolian, Hui, Xibe and other ethnic minority groups have been properly renovated and preserved, including the Tomb of Afak Hoja in Kashgar, the Tomb of Tughluk Tumur in Huocheng, the Zhaosu Lamasery, the Former Residence of a Mongolian Prince in Hejing, and Chimtoghrak Manor.

◆民族优秀传统文化得到传承。维吾尔族“麦西来甫”、哈萨克族“阿依特斯”、柯尔克孜族“库姆孜弹唱会”、蒙古族“那达慕大会”、锡伯族“西迁节”、汉族“元宵灯会”等民族传统文艺活动广泛开展。一批反映时代巨变的具有浓郁民族特色、地域特点的优秀剧目，如维吾尔剧《艾里甫与赛乃姆》、哈萨克族《阿依特斯》、柯尔克孜族“玛纳斯奇”弹唱《玛纳斯》等相继搬上艺术舞台。

-- The excellent traditional culture of the ethnic groups has been passed on. Traditional cultural events, such as the Uygur's "Meshrep," the Kazak's "Aytes," the Kirgiz's "Kobuz Ballad Singing Fair," the Mongolian "Nadam Fair," the Xibe's "West Moving Festival" and the Han people's "Lantern Festival," have been widely carried out. A number of impressive dramas with rich ethnic and regional characteristics have been staged, such as the Uygur play "Gherip and Senem," the Kazak "Aytes," and the Kirgiz "Manaschi" ballad drama "Manas."

◆新疆维吾尔自治区充分保障各民族在饮食、节庆、婚丧礼仪等方面的风俗习惯。新疆大中城市和有穆斯林群众的小城镇保持一定数量的清真饭馆；在交通要道以及有少数民族职工的单位，设立“清真食堂”或“清真灶”；供应穆斯林群众的牛羊肉，按照其风俗习惯进行宰杀处理、储运销售。各少数民族在自己的传统节日，如“古尔邦节”和“肉孜节”期间，都能享受到法定的节日假期。

-- The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has fully protected the customs and habits of all ethnic groups in the diets, festivals, weddings and funerals. Large and medium-sized cities and small towns with Muslim people in Xinjiang maintain a certain number of halal restaurants; "halal canteens" or "halal kitchen facilities" are set up in major traffic arteries and institutions with ethnic minority employees; beef and mutton supplied to Muslim people are slaughtered, processed, stored, transported and sold according to their customs. All ethnic groups enjoy statutory holidays during their traditional festivals, such as Corban Festival and Eid al-Fitr.

◆目前，新疆各民族主要使用10种语言和文字。少数民族文字在司法、行政、教育、新闻出版、广播电视、互联网等公共事务领域广泛使用。新疆人民广播电台现有汉语、维吾尔语、哈萨克语、蒙古语、柯尔克孜语5种语言的12套广播节目。新疆中小学广泛开设了维吾尔语、哈萨克语、柯尔克孜语、蒙古语、锡伯语等多个少数民族语言文字课程。中国人民币纸币，上面印有汉语、藏语、维吾尔语、蒙古语和壮语一共5种语言。

-- Currently, people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang mainly use 10 spoken and written languages. Ethnic minority languages are widely applied in various sectors, including the judiciary, administration, education, press and publishing, radio and television, and the Internet. Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station offers 12 radio channels in five languages: Mandarin, Uygur, Kazak, Mongolian and Kirgiz. Primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang offer courses in ethnic minority languages, such as Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, Mongolian and Xibe. Chinese RMB banknotes have five languages on them: Chinese, Tibetan, Uygur, Mongolian and Zhuang.

谎言十二：新疆一些地区摧毁少数民族墓地。

Lie No. 12: Some places in Xinjiang destroyed graveyards of ethnic minority groups.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆历来充分尊重少数民族丧葬习俗，制定了一系列法规和政策，保障少数民族群众丧葬基本权益。采取划拨专用土地、建立专用公墓等措施，满足有土葬习俗的少数民族丧葬需求，少数民族传统丧葬习惯“站礼、送葬、过乃孜尔”等都得到了保留。

Xinjiang has always respected the funeral and burial customs of ethnic minority groups and formulated a series of regulations and policies to protect their basic funeral and burial rights. Measures, including allocating designated land and establishing special public cemeteries, are taken for some ethnic minority groups who traditionally bury their dead in the ground. Their traditional practices such as funeral pray, burial and holding Nazer (memorial activities), are preserved.

◆随着新疆经济社会发展和人民生活水平提升，各级政府加大公益性墓地的规划建设力度，各民族公墓设施不断完善、环境条件不断改善，个别地方的各民族群众有自发、自愿搬迁墓地的现象。

-- With the economic and social development and the improvement of people's living standards in Xinjiang, governments at all levels have stepped up the planning and construction of public welfare cemeteries. Cemetery facilities and their environment are continuously improving. People of different ethnic groups in some places have relocated graveyards of their own free will.

谎言十三：中国政府把新疆少数民族儿童送进寄宿制学校，“强迫”其与父母分离。

Lie No. 13: The Chinese government sends children of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang to boarding schools and "forces" them to be separated from their parents.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆《中华人民共和国义务教育法》规定：“县级人民政府根据需要设置寄宿制学校，保障居住分散的适龄儿童、少年入学接受义务教育”。新疆地域辽阔，村镇之间距离较远，学生上学很不方便，学习质量难以保证，家长接送孩子上下学负担很重。为解决这一问题，早在上世纪80年代，新疆就建设了400所寄宿制中小学。近年来，新疆维吾尔自治区与全国一样，按照国家要求对寄宿制学校建设进行科学规划、合理设置，严格遵守国家和自治区相关建设标准，各类学习生活设施设备齐全。实践证明，开展寄宿制教育，已成为新疆加快教育现代化、助力精准脱贫的有力举措，受到各族学生家长的积极拥护。

The Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "Where necessary, the people’s government at the county level may set up boarding schools to ensure that school-age children and adolescents who are dwelling in scattered areas receive compulsory education." Xinjiang is a vast region with long distances between villages and towns, and it is not convenient for some students to go to school, making it hard to ensure their study quality. Parents have a heavy burden to transport their children to and from schools. To solve this problem, Xinjiang built 400 primary and secondary boarding schools in the 1980s. In recent years, Xinjiang, like the rest of the country, made scientific plans and reasonable arrangements for boarding school construction. They comply with the relevant construction standards of the state and the autonomous region to ensure sufficient learning and living facilities. Time has proved that boarding education has become an effective measure to accelerate education modernization and aid targeted poverty alleviation in Xinjiang. Parents of students of all ethnic groups support the boarding school model.

◆新疆寄宿制学校建设是新疆从自治区实际出发，采取的一项旨在教育扶贫、提高义务教育质量的安排，有助于提高少数民族中小学校教育现代化水平，促进新疆各民族的交往交流。新疆开办寄宿制学校的做法，与中国其他地区，与世界其他国家开办此类学校没有本质不同。

-- The construction of boarding schools is an arrangement made by Xinjiang in light of the actual conditions of the autonomous region to alleviate poverty through education and improve the quality of compulsory education. It helps improve education modernization at primary and secondary schools of ethnic minorities and promote exchanges among different ethnic groups in Xinjiang. The practice here is not fundamentally different from that of other parts of China or the rest of the world.

谎言十四：新疆学校用汉语取代民族语言，对他们进行“洗脑”。新疆禁止少数民族学生使用本民族语言，关闭维吾尔语学校。

Lie No. 14: Schools in Xinjiang replace ethnic languages with Chinese to "brainwash" the students. Xinjiang has banned ethnic minority students from using their own languages and closed schools of the Uygur language.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆《中华人民共和国宪法》《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》规定，公民有学习和使用国家通用语言文字的权利，国家为公民学习和使用国家通用语言文字提供条件。新疆在推进国家通用语言文字教育的同时，按照国家中小学课程设置方案要求，也开设了少数民族语言文字课程，充分保障了少数民族学生学习本民族语言文字的权利，有效促进了少数民族语言文化的传承发展。

The Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language stipulate that citizens have the right to learn and use the standard Chinese spoken and written language. The state provides them with related conditions. While promoting education in the Chinese language, Xinjiang also offers courses in the spoken and written languages of ethnic minority groups in accordance with the national curriculum plan for primary and secondary schools. This safeguards the right of students from ethnic minority groups to learn their own spoken and written languages. It also effectively promotes the inheritance and development of ethnic minority languages and cultures.

◆新疆维吾尔自治区使用7种语言开展中小学教育。目前，新疆在学前和中小学全面普及国家通用语言文字教学、加授本民族语言文字的双语教育。学会使用国家通用语言文字，可以更好地融入和适应现代社会，不论学习、找工作，还是交流对话、经商务工都会有更多的便利。

-- Primary and secondary education in Xinjiang is conducted in seven languages. At present, preschools and primary and secondary schools across Xinjiang provide bilingual education in the national standard spoken and written language, as well as one ethnic language. Learning to use the national standard language can help people better integrate and adapt to modern society. It brings more convenience in studies, job hunting, communication, business, and work.

谎言十五：新疆以打击恐怖主义为借口镇压少数民族。

Lie No. 15: Xinjiang suppresses ethnic minorities under the pretext of fighting terrorism.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆据不完全统计，自1990年至2016年年底，民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力、暴力恐怖势力在新疆策划实施了数千起暴力恐怖案（事）件，造成大量无辜群众被害，数百名公安民警殉职，财产损失无法估算，给新疆各族人民带来了深重灾难。 Incomplete statistics show that from 1990 to 2016, ethnic separatists, religious extremists, and violent terrorists plotted and conducted several thousand violent terrorist acts. They killed many innocent civilians and several hundred police officers and caused immeasurable property losses. These terrorist activities inflicted untold suffering on the people of various ethnic groups in Xinjiang.

◆面对严峻复杂的反恐形势和各族群众对打击暴力恐怖犯罪、保障生命财产安全的迫切要求，中国新疆积极响应《联合国全球反恐战略》等一系列反恐文件，依照国家反恐法律和自治区相关法律法规，坚持不与特定地域、民族、宗教挂钩，对侵犯公民人权、危害公共安全、破坏民族团结、分裂国家的暴力恐怖活动进行严厉打击。自2014年以来，共打掉暴恐团伙1588个，抓获暴恐人员12995人，缴获爆炸装置2052枚，极端主义渗透得到有效遏制，社会治安状况明显好转，最大限度保障了各族人民的生命权、健康权、发展权等基本权利，新疆已连续4年多未发生暴力恐怖案件。

-- In the face of a complicated counter-terrorism situation and the demands from people of all ethnic groups to stop terrorism, China's Xinjiang region has taken a series of active measures. Responding to the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and other counter-terrorism resolutions, Xinjiang has upheld the principle of not linking terrorism with any particular region, ethnic group, or religion. It acted within the law to crack down on violence and terrorist activities that violate human rights, endanger public security, undermine ethnic unity, and aim at separating the country. Since 2014, a total of 1,588 violent and terrorist groups have been taken out, 12,995 violent terrorists arrested, and 2,052 explosive devices seized. Such operations have effectively curbed the infiltration of extremism, significantly improved public security, and protected the right to life, right to health, right to development, and other basic rights of people of all ethnic groups. Xinjiang has reported no violent terrorist cases for more than four consecutive years.

谎言十六：新疆实行“访惠聚”举措，“民族团结一家亲”和民族团结联谊等活动是为了介入并监视维吾尔家庭。

Lie No. 16: The "fanghuiju" campaign, in which civil servants are dispatched to grass-roots communities to offer help to people of various ethnic groups, as well as the "ethnic unity campaign" and solidarity activities among cadres and people of different ethnic groups, are all adopted by Xinjiang with the aim of intervening in and monitoring Uygur families.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆2016年以来，新疆在各族干部群众中开展“民族团结一家亲”和民族团结联谊活动，110多万各族干部职工与160多万各族群众结对子、交朋友、认亲戚，其中既有汉族干部与包括维吾尔族在内的少数民族群众结对认亲，也有包括维吾尔族干部在内的少数民族干部与汉族群众结对认亲。 Xinjiang has been carrying out the "ethnic unity campaign" and solidarity activities among cadres and people of different ethnic groups since 2016. More than 1.1 million cadres and workers of different ethnic groups have paired up with 1.6 million people of different ethnic groups as "relatives" and made friends with each other. Among them, Han cadres have paired up with ethnic groups, including the Uygur. Cadres of ethnic minority groups, including the Uygur, have also paired up with Han people.

◆各族干部群众交往交流交融，相互尊重，相互帮助，广大干部职工充分发挥自身特长优势，积极引导基层群众拓展致富门路，帮助他们解决就医、就业、就学等生产生活中的实际困难，办了许多得民心顺民意的好事实事。据统计，参加“民族团结一家亲”和民族团结联谊活动的干部职工为基层群众捐款9.4亿元，捐物4921万件，办好事实事1803万件。

-- Based on mutual exchange, communication, integration, respect and help, cadres and workers of different ethnic groups have given full play to their own advantages, guiding the grass-roots residents to expand their approaches to prosperity, and helping them solve difficulties in healthcare, employment and education, and doing many good deeds that have won public support. According to the statistics, the cadres and workers participating in the "ethnic unity campaign" and solidarity activities among cadres and people of different ethnic groups have donated 940 million yuan and more than 49 million material items to the grass-roots people, accomplishing some 18 million deeds that benefit locals.

谎言十七：新疆通过无处不在的摄像头、手机APP、互联网综合信息等高科技手段监控维吾尔族穆斯林。

Lie No. 17: Xinjiang monitors Uygur Muslims through ubiquitous cameras, mobile phone apps, the internet and other high-tech means.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆依法在城乡公共区域、主要道路、交通枢纽等公共场所安装摄像头，目的是为了提高社会治理水平、有效预防和打击犯罪，这些措施增强了社会安全感，得到了各族群众的普遍支持。相关措施不针对任何特定民族。

In accordance with the law, Xinjiang has installed cameras in urban and rural public areas, major roads, transportation hubs and other public places in order to improve social governance and effectively prevent and crack down on crime. These measures have enhanced social security and won widespread support from people of all ethnic groups. The measures do not target any particular ethnic group.

◆运用现代科技产品和大数据方法提升社会治理水平是国际社会通行做法。根据《南华早报》报道，最新研究发现，监控摄像头数量排名全球前十的国家包括英国、德国、法国、荷兰等。

-- The use of modern scientific and technological products and big data to improve social governance is a common practice in the international community. According to the South China Morning Post, a new study found that Britain, Germany, France and the Netherlands are among the top 10 countries in terms of the number of surveillance cameras in the world.

谎言十八：中国驻外使领馆不为海外维吾尔族人换发护照，迫使其回国接受法外拘留或监禁。

Lie No. 18: Chinese embassies and consulates have refused to renew the passports of overseas Uygur people, forcing them to return home to face extrajudicial detention or imprisonment.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆中国公民的人身自由和出入境权利依法受到保护。只要属于中国籍公民，且自己承认是中国公民，未违反中国法律法规的，均可向居住地的中国使领馆申请换发或补发护照。

Chinese citizens' personal freedom and rights of exit and entry are protected by law. As long as they are Chinese nationals and admit themselves that they are Chinese citizens, and do not violate Chinese laws and regulations, they can apply to the Chinese embassy or consulate where they live for the renewal or replacement of passports.

◆中国驻外使领馆按照《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》《中华人民共和国护照法》等法律法规办理相关业务，依法保障包括各民族在内的海外华侨华人合法权益。向中国驻外使领馆提出换发或补发护照申请的中国新疆籍人员，经审批符合有关法律的，已获得受理并批准。

-- Chinese embassies and consulates conduct their services in accordance with the Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, the Passport Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese of different ethnic groups. Chinese citizens from Xinjiang who apply for the renewal or replacement of passports at Chinese embassies and consulates have been accepted and approved after being examined to comply with relevant laws.

谎言十九：中国政府不许外国记者去新疆采访。

Lie No. 19: The Chinese government bans foreign journalists from going to Xinjiang for reporting.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆属开放地区，根据《中华人民共和国外国常驻新闻机构和外国记者采访条例》规定，外国记者在遵守中国法律、履行相应手续前提下，完全可以赴疆采访。不存在中国政府不许外国记者去新疆采访的情况。

Xinjiang is an open place. Foreign journalists are allowed to report in Xinjiang on condition that they abide by Chinese laws and go through relevant procedures, according to the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on News Coverage by Permanent Offices of Foreign Media Organizations and Foreign Journalists. There are no circumstances in which the Chinese government forbids foreign journalists to report in Xinjiang.

◆2018年底以来，共有100多个国家团组1200多人，包括国际组织官员、外交官、媒体记者、宗教领袖访问新疆。

-- Since the end of 2018, more than 1,200 people from over 100 countries and regions, including officials from international organizations, diplomats, journalists and religious leaders, have visited Xinjiang.

◆2019年9月3日至7日，美国全国广播公司（NBC）记者赴新疆采访报道。

- From Sept 3 to 7, 2019, NBC reporters went to Xinjiang for reporting.

◆2020年12月，英国广播公司（BBC）记者赴新疆库车等地采访报道。

-- In December 2020, BBC reporters went to Kuqa County and other places in Xinjiang for reporting.

谎言二十：联合国人权高专访问新疆会受到限制。

Lie No. 20: The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights will be restricted from visiting Xinjiang.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆中方欢迎联合国人权高专巴切莱特访华并参访新疆，并一直同联合国方面保持密切沟通。 China welcomes the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet to visit China and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and has always maintained close communication with the United Nations.

谎言二十一：新疆镇压伊斯兰教，压制宗教信仰自由。

Lie No. 21: Xinjiang suppresses Islam and freedom of religious belief.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆尊重和保护宗教信仰自由是中国政府长期坚持的一项基本政策。《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十六条规定：中华人民共和国公民有宗教信仰自由。宗教信仰自由的宪法原则在新疆得到全面落实，新疆公民宗教信仰自由权利得到充分保障，信教公民的宗教感情、信仰需求以及习俗得到充分尊重，合法的宗教活动得到法律保障，宗教文化遗产得到有效保护。Respecting and protecting the freedom of religious belief is a basic long-term policy of the Chinese government. Article 36 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that Chinese citizens have freedom of religious belief. The principle of religious freedom enshrined in the Constitution has been fully implemented in Xinjiang. Xinjiang citizens' right to freedom of religious belief has been fully guaranteed. The religious feelings, belief-based needs and customs of religious citizens have been fully respected, legal religious activities guaranteed by law, and religious and cultural heritage protected.

◆新疆翻译出版了汉文、维吾尔文、哈萨克文、柯尔克孜文等4种文字的《古兰经》《布哈里圣训实录精华》等宗教经典书籍，为各族信教群众获得宗教知识提供便利。

-- Xinjiang has translated and published religious classics and books, such as the Koran and Selections from Al-Sahih Muhammad Ibn-Ismail al-Bukhari, in Mandarin Chinese, the Uygur, Kazak and Kirgiz languages, providing convenience for religious believers of all ethnic groups to acquire religious knowledge.

◆新疆维吾尔自治区政府自1996年以来，除2020年因新冠肺炎疫情原因取消外，每年均安排包机，并在出入境、医疗、餐饮等方面提供高质量服务，确保朝觐活动安全有序，保障当地有条件的各族穆斯林顺利完成朝觐功课。

-- Since 1996, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region government has organized local Muslims to take charter flights for a pilgrimage every year, except for the cancellation due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and has provided high-quality services in entry and exit, medical care, catering, etc., so as to ensure the safe and orderly pilgrimage activities and ensure that local Muslims of all ethnic groups successfully complete their pilgrimage.

谎言二十二：新疆大规模拆除清真寺。

Lie No. 22: Xinjiang demolishes many mosques.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆清真寺数量完全可以满足信教群众的正常宗教需求。新疆各级政府并持续改善清真寺公共服务条件，政府出资实施“七进两有”（水、电、路、气、讯、广播电视、文化书屋进清真寺，主麻清真寺有净身设施、有水冲厕所）、“九配备”（配备医药服务、电子显示屏、电脑、电风扇或空调、消防设施、天然气、饮水设备、鞋套或鞋套机、储物柜），深受广大宗教界人士和信教群众的欢迎。

Mosques in Xinjiang meet the regular religious demands of followers in terms of quantity. Governments at various levels in Xinjiang have consistently improved the public services of mosques. The government has funded the introduction into mosques of running water, electricity, natural gas, roads, communication, radio and television, and libraries. Ablution facilities and flushing toilets have been installed. Mosques have also been equipped with medical services and electronic displays. They also have computers, electric fans or air conditioners, firefighting equipment, drinking water dispensers, shoe coverings or machines for shoe coverings, and lockers. These measures have been welcomed by religious personnel and believers.

谎言二十三：新疆“迫害”宗教人士。

Lie No. 23: Xinjiang "persecutes" religious personnel.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆加强教职人员培养培训，现有自治区伊斯兰教经学院及喀什、和田、伊犁等8所分院和新疆伊斯兰教经文学校共10所宗教院校，每年招收一定数量的本科、大专、中专学生，办学规模达到3000余人。

The cultivation and training of clerical personnel have been strengthened in Xinjiang. The region has ten religious colleges and schools, including the Xinjiang Islamic Institute, its eight branches in places like Kashgar, Hotan and Ili, and the Xinjiang Islamic School. These colleges recruit a certain number of undergraduate, junior, and technical secondary school students every year, with student numbers exceeding 3,000.

谎言二十四：新疆禁止穆斯林封斋。

Lie No. 24: Xinjiang bans fasting of Muslims.

事实真相：

Fact check:

◆新疆各族穆斯林按照教义、教规和传统习俗，在清真寺及在自己家里进行的封斋、过伊斯兰教节日等正常宗教活动，都完全按个人意愿进行，从来没有任何人干涉，也没有受到任何限制。 Muslims of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, in accordance with their teachings, canons, and traditional customs, practice regular religious activities such as fasting and Islamic festivals in mosques and their own homes. Such activities are totally of their own free will, without any interference or restriction.

◆每年斋月期间，穆斯林群众封斋或不封斋完全是个人的自由。新疆各级政府全力保障开斋节等节日市场供应及宗教活动安全。

-- During Ramadan every year, it is an entirely personal choice for Muslims to fast or not fast. Governments at all levels in Xinjiang make every effort to ensure the market supply and security of religious activities of Eid al-Fitr and other festivals.

来源：新华网

中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法双语全文

中华人民共和国香港特别行政区维护国家安全法

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

（2020年6月30日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十次会议通过）

目录

Contents

第一章 总则

Chapter I General Principles

第二章 香港特别行政区维护国家安全的职责和机构

Chapter II The Duties and the Government Bodies of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for Safeguarding National Security

第一节 职责

Part 1 Duties

第二节 机构

Part 2 Government Bodies

第三章 罪行和处罚

Chapter III Offences and Penalties

第一节 分裂国家罪

Part 1 Secession

第二节 颠覆国家政权罪

Part 2 Subversion

第三节 恐怖活动罪

Part 3 Terrorist Activities

第四节 勾结外国或者境外势力危害国家安全罪

Part 4 Collusion with a Foreign Country or with External Elements to Endanger National Security

第五节 其他处罚规定

Part 5 Other Provisions on Penalty

第六节 效力范围

Part 6 Scope of Application

第四章 案件管辖、法律适用和程序

Chapter IV Jurisdiction, Applicable Law and Procedure

第五章 中央人民政府驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全机构

Chapter V Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

第六章 附则

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

第一章 总则

Chapter I General Principles

第一条 为坚定不移并全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方针，维护国家安全，防范、制止和惩治与香港特别行政区有关的分裂国家、颠覆国家政权、组织实施恐怖活动和勾结外国或者境外势力危害国家安全等犯罪，保持香港特别行政区的繁荣和稳定，保障香港特别行政区居民的合法权益，根据中华人民共和国宪法、中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法和全国人民代表大会关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted, in accordance with the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, and the Decision of the National People’s Congress on Establishing and Improving the Legal System and Enforcement Mechanisms for Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, for the purpose of:

? ensuring the resolute, full and faithful implementation of the policy of One Country, Two Systems under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy;

? safeguarding national security;

? preventing, suppressing and imposing punishment for the offences of secession, subversion, organisation and perpetration of terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or with external elements to endanger national security in relation to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;

? maintaining prosperity and stability of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and

? protecting the lawful rights and interests of the residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

第二条 关于香港特别行政区法律地位的香港特别行政区基本法第一条和第十二条规定是香港特别行政区基本法的根本性条款。香港特别行政区任何机构、组织和个人行使权利和自由，不得违背香港特别行政区基本法第一条和第十二条的规定。Article 2 The provisions in Articles 1 and 12 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the legal status of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region are the fundamental provisions in the Basic Law. No institution, organisation or individual in the Region shall contravene these provisions in exercising their rights and freedoms.

第三条 中央人民政府对香港特别行政区有关的国家安全事务负有根本责任。

Article 3 The Central People’s Government has an overarching responsibility for national security affairs relating to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

香港特别行政区负有维护国家安全的宪制责任，应当履行维护国家安全的职责。

It is the duty of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under the Constitution to safeguard national security and the Region shall perform the duty accordingly.

香港特别行政区行政机关、立法机关、司法机关应当依据本法和其他有关法律规定有效防范、制止和惩治危害国家安全的行为和活动。

The executive authorities, legislature and judiciary of the Region shall effectively prevent, suppress and impose punishment for any act or activity endangering national security in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws.

第四条 香港特别行政区维护国家安全应当尊重和保障人权，依法保护香港特别行政区居民根据香港特别行政区基本法和《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》、《经济、社会与文化权利的国际公约》适用于香港的有关规定享有的包括言论、新闻、出版的自由，结社、集会、游行、示威的自由在内的权利和自由。

Article 4 Human rights shall be respected and protected in safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The rights and freedoms, including the freedoms of speech, of the press, of publication, of association, of assembly, of procession and of demonstration, which the residents of the Region enjoy under the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as applied to Hong Kong, shall be protected in accordance with the law.

第五条 防范、制止和惩治危害国家安全犯罪，应当坚持法治原则。法律规定为犯罪行为的，依照法律定罪处刑；法律没有规定为犯罪行为的，不得定罪处刑。

Article 5 The principle of the rule of law shall be adhered to in preventing, suppressing, and imposing punishment for offences endangering national security. A person who commits an act which constitutes an offence under the law shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the law. No one shall be convicted and punished for an act which does not constitute an offence under the law.

任何人未经司法机关判罪之前均假定无罪。保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和其他诉讼参与人依法享有的辩护权和其他诉讼权利。任何人已经司法程序被最终确定有罪或者宣告无罪的，不得就同一行为再予审判或者惩罚。

A person is presumed innocent until convicted by a judicial body. The right to defend himself or herself and other rights in judicial proceedings that a criminal suspect, defendant, and other parties in judicial proceedings are entitled to under the law shall be protected. No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again for an offence for which he or she has already been finally convicted or acquitted in judicial proceedings.

第六条 维护国家主权、统一和领土完整是包括香港同胞在内的全中国人民的共同义务。

Article 6 It is the common responsibility of all the people of China, including the people of Hong Kong, to safeguard the sovereignty, unification and territorial integrity of the People’s Republic of China.

在香港特别行政区的任何机构、组织和个人都应当遵守本法和香港特别行政区有关维护国家安全的其他法律，不得从事危害国家安全的行为和活动。

Any institution, organisation or individual in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall abide by this Law and the laws of the Region in relation to the safeguarding of national security, and shall not engage in any act or activity which endangers national security.

香港特别行政区居民在参选或者就任公职时应当依法签署文件确认或者宣誓拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法，效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区。

A resident of the Region who stands for election or assumes public office shall confirm in writing or take an oath to uphold the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and swear allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China in accordance with the law.

第二章 香港特别行政区维护国家安全的职责和机构

Chapter II The Duties and the Government Bodies of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for Safeguarding National Security

第一节 职责

Part 1 Duties

第七条 香港特别行政区应当尽早完成香港特别行政区基本法规定的维护国家安全立法，完善相关法律。

Article 7 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall complete, as early as possible, legislation for safeguarding national security as stipulated in the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and shall refine relevant laws.

第八条 香港特别行政区执法、司法机关应当切实执行本法和香港特别行政区现行法律有关防范、制止和惩治危害国家安全行为和活动的规定，有效维护国家安全。

Article 8 In order to safeguard national security effectively, the law enforcement and judicial authorities of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall fully enforce this Law and the laws in force in the Region concerning the prevention of, suppression of, and imposition of punishment for acts and activities endangering national security.

第九条 香港特别行政区应当加强维护国家安全和防范恐怖活动的工作。对学校、社会团体、媒体、网络等涉及国家安全的事宜，香港特别行政区政府应当采取必要措施，加强宣传、指导、监督和管理。

Article 9 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall strengthen its work on safeguarding national security and prevention of terrorist activities. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall take necessary measures to strengthen public communication, guidance, supervision and regulation over matters concerning national security, including those relating to schools, universities, social organisations, the media, and the internet.

第十条 香港特别行政区应当通过学校、社会团体、媒体、网络等开展国家安全教育，提高香港特别行政区居民的国家安全意识和守法意识。

Article 10 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall promote national security education in schools and universities and through social organisations, the media, the internet and other means to raise the awareness of Hong Kong residents of national security and of the obligation to abide by the law.

第十一条 香港特别行政区行政长官应当就香港特别行政区维护国家安全事务向中央人民政府负责，并就香港特别行政区履行维护国家安全职责的情况提交年度报告。

Article 11 The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be accountable to the Central People’s Government for affairs relating to safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and shall submit an annual report on the performance of duties of the Region in safeguarding national security.

如中央人民政府提出要求，行政长官应当就维护国家安全特定事项及时提交报告。

The Chief Executive shall, at the request of the Central People’s Government, submit in a timely manner a report on specific matters relating to safeguarding national security.

第二节 机构

Part 2 Government Bodies

第十二条 香港特别行政区设立维护国家安全委员会，负责香港特别行政区维护国家安全事务，承担维护国家安全的主要责任，并接受中央人民政府的监督和问责。

Article 12 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall establish the Committee for Safeguarding National Security. The Committee shall be responsible for affairs relating to and assume primary responsibility for safeguarding national security in the Region. It shall be under the supervision of and accountable to the Central People’s Government.

第十三条 香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会由行政长官担任主席，成员包括政务司长、财政司长、律政司长、保安局局长、警务处处长、本法第十六条规定的警务处维护国家安全部门的负责人、入境事务处处长、海关关长和行政长官办公室主任。

Article 13 The Chief Executive shall be the chairperson of the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The other members of the Committee shall be the Chief Secretary for Administration, the Financial Secretary, the Secretary for Justice, the Secretary for Security, the Commissioner of Police, the head of the department for safeguarding national security of the Hong Kong Police Force established under Article 16 of this Law, the Director of Immigration, the Commissioner of Customs and Excise, and the Director of the Chief Executive’s Office.

香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会下设秘书处，由秘书长领导。秘书长由行政长官提名，报中央人民政府任命。

A secretariat headed by a Secretary-General shall be established under the Committee. The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the Central People’s Government upon nomination by the Chief Executive.

第十四条 香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会的职责为：

Article 14 The duties and functions of the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be:

（一）分析研判香港特别行政区维护国家安全形势，规划有关工作，制定香港特别行政区维护国家安全政策；

(1) analysing and assessing developments in relation to safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, making work plans, and formulating policies for safeguarding national security in the Region;

（二）推进香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制建设；

(2) advancing the development of the legal system and enforcement mechanisms of the Region for safeguarding national security; and

（三）协调香港特别行政区维护国家安全的重点工作和重大行动。

(3) coordinating major work and significant operations for safeguarding national security in the Region.

香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会的工作不受香港特别行政区任何其他机构、组织和个人的干涉，工作信息不予公开。香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会作出的决定不受司法复核。

No institution, organisation or individual in the Region shall interfere with the work of the Committee. Information relating to the work of the Committee shall not be subject to disclosure. Decisions made by the Committee shall not be amenable to judicial review.

第十五条 香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会设立国家安全事务顾问，由中央人民政府指派，就香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会履行职责相关事务提供意见。国家安全事务顾问列席香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会会议。

Article 15 The Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall have a National Security Adviser, who shall be designated by the Central People’s Government and provide advice on matters relating to the duties and functions of the Committee. The National Security Adviser shall sit in on meetings of the Committee.

第十六条 香港特别行政区政府警务处设立维护国家安全的部门，配备执法力量。

Article 16 The Police Force of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall establish a department for safeguarding national security with law enforcement capacity.

警务处维护国家安全部门负责人由行政长官任命，行政长官任命前须书面征求本法第四十八条规定的机构的意见。警务处维护国家安全部门负责人在就职时应当宣誓拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法，效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区，遵守法律，保守秘密。

The head of the department for safeguarding national security of the Hong Kong Police Force shall be appointed by the Chief Executive. The Chief Executive shall seek in writing the opinion of the Office established under Article 48 of this Law before making the appointment. When assuming office, the head of the department for safeguarding national security of the Hong Kong Police Force shall swear to uphold the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, swear allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, and swear to abide by the law and to observe the obligation of secrecy.

警务处维护国家安全部门可以从香港特别行政区以外聘请合格的专门人员和技术人员，协助执行维护国家安全相关任务。

The department for safeguarding national security of the Hong Kong Police Force may recruit qualified professionals and technical personnel from outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to provide assistance in the performance of duties for safeguarding national security.

第十七条 警务处维护国家安全部门的职责为：

Article 17 The duties and functions of the department for safeguarding national security of the Hong Kong Police Force shall be:

（一）收集分析涉及国家安全的情报信息；

(1) collecting and analysing intelligence and information concerning national security;

（二）部署、协调、推进维护国家安全的措施和行动；

(2) planning, coordinating and enforcing measures and operations for safeguarding national security;

（三）调查危害国家安全犯罪案件；

(3) investigating offences endangering national security;

（四）进行反干预调查和开展国家安全审查；

(4) conducting counter-interference investigation and national security review;

（五）承办香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会交办的维护国家安全工作；

(5) carrying out tasks of safeguarding national security assigned by the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and

（六）执行本法所需的其他职责。

(6) performing other duties and functions necessary for the enforcement of this Law.

第十八条 香港特别行政区律政司设立专门的国家安全犯罪案件检控部门，负责危害国家安全犯罪案件的检控工作和其他相关法律事务。该部门检控官由律政司长征得香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会同意后任命。

Article 18 The Department of Justice of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall establish a specialised prosecution division responsible for the prosecution of offences endangering national security and other related legal work. The prosecutors of this division shall be appointed by the Secretary for Justice after obtaining the consent of the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

律政司国家安全犯罪案件检控部门负责人由行政长官任命，行政长官任命前须书面征求本法第四十八条规定的机构的意见。律政司国家安全犯罪案件检控部门负责人在就职时应当宣誓拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法，效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区，遵守法律，保守秘密。

The head of the specialised prosecution division of the Department of Justice shall be appointed by the Chief Executive, who shall seek in writing the opinion of the Office established under Article 48 of this Law before making the appointment. When assuming office, the head of the specialised prosecution division shall swear to uphold the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, swear allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, and swear to abide by the law and to observe the obligation of secrecy.

第十九条 经行政长官批准，香港特别行政区政府财政司长应当从政府一般收入中拨出专门款项支付关于维护国家安全的开支并核准所涉及的人员编制，不受香港特别行政区现行有关法律规定的限制。财政司长须每年就该款项的控制和管理向立法会提交报告。

Article 19 The Financial Secretary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, upon approval of the Chief Executive, appropriate from the general revenue a special fund to meet the expenditure for safeguarding national security and approve the establishment of relevant posts, which are not subject to any restrictions in the relevant provisions of the laws in force in the Region. The Financial Secretary shall submit an annual report on the control and management of the fund for this purpose to the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

第三章 罪行和处罚

Chapter III Offences and Penalties

第一节 分裂国家罪

Part 1 Secession

第二十条 任何人组织、策划、实施或者参与实施以下旨在分裂国家、破坏国家统一行为之一的，不论是否使用武力或者以武力相威胁，即属犯罪：

Article 20 A person who organises, plans, commits or participates in any of the following acts, whether or not by force or threat of force, with a view to committing secession or undermining national unification shall be guilty of an offence:

（一）将香港特别行政区或者中华人民共和国其他任何部分从中华人民共和国分离出去；

(1) separating the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or any other part of the People’s Republic of China from the People’s Republic of China;

（二）非法改变香港特别行政区或者中华人民共和国其他任何部分的法律地位；

(2) altering by unlawful means the legal status of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or of any other part of the People’s Republic of China; or

（三）将香港特别行政区或者中华人民共和国其他任何部分转归外国统治。

(3) surrendering the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or any other part of the People’s Republic of China to a foreign country.

犯前款罪，对首要分子或者罪行重大的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；对积极参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；对其他参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

A person who is a principal offender or a person who commits an offence of a grave nature shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years; a person who actively participates in the offence shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years; and other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, short-term detention or restriction.

第二十一条 任何人煽动、协助、教唆、以金钱或者其他财物资助他人实施本法第二十条规定的犯罪的，即属犯罪。情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 21 A person who incites, assists in, abets or provides pecuniary or other financial assistance or property for the commission by other persons of the offence under Article 20 of this Law shall be guilty of an offence. If the circumstances of the offence committed by a person are of a serious nature, the person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years; if the circumstances of the offence committed by a person are of a minor nature, the person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, short-term detention or restriction.

第二节 颠覆国家政权罪

Part 2 Subversion

第二十二条 任何人组织、策划、实施或者参与实施以下以武力、威胁使用武力或者其他非法手段旨在颠覆国家政权行为之一的，即属犯罪：

Article 22 A person who organises, plans, commits or participates in any of the following acts by force or threat of force or other unlawful means with a view to subverting the State power shall be guilty of an offence:

（一）推翻、破坏中华人民共和国宪法所确立的中华人民共和国根本制度；

(1) overthrowing or undermining the basic system of the People’s Republic of China established by the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China;

（二）推翻中华人民共和国中央政权机关或者香港特别行政区政权机关；

(2) overthrowing the body of central power of the People’s Republic of China or the body of power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;

（三）严重干扰、阻挠、破坏中华人民共和国中央政权机关或者香港特别行政区政权机关依法履行职能；

(3) seriously interfering in, disrupting, or undermining the performance of duties and functions in accordance with the law by the body of central power of the People’s Republic of China or the body of power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; or

（四）攻击、破坏香港特别行政区政权机关履职场所及其设施，致使其无法正常履行职能。

(4) attacking or damaging the premises and facilities used by the body of power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to perform its duties and functions, rendering it incapable of performing its normal duties and functions.

犯前款罪，对首要分子或者罪行重大的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；对积极参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；对其他参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

A person who is a principal offender or a person who commits an offence of a grave nature shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years; a person who actively participates in the offence shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years; and other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, short-term detention or restriction.

第二十三条 任何人煽动、协助、教唆、以金钱或者其他财物资助他人实施本法第二十二条规定的犯罪的，即属犯罪。情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节较轻的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

Article 23 A person who incites, assists in, abets or provides pecuniary or other financial assistance or property for the commission by other persons of the offence under Article 22 of this Law shall be guilty of an offence. If the circumstances of the offence committed by a person are of a serious nature, the person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years; if the circumstances of the offence committed by a person are of a minor nature, the person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, short-term detention or restriction.

第三节 恐怖活动罪

Part 3 Terrorist Activities

第二十四条 为胁迫中央人民政府、香港特别行政区政府或者国际组织或者威吓公众以图实现政治主张，组织、策划、实施、参与实施或者威胁实施以下造成或者意图造成严重社会危害的恐怖活动之一的，即属犯罪：

Article 24 A person who organises, plans, commits, participates in or threatens to commit any of the following terrorist activities causing or intended to cause grave harm to the society with a view to coercing the Central People’s Government, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or an international organisation or intimidating the public in order to pursue political agenda shall be guilty of an offence:

（一）针对人的严重暴力；

(1) serious violence against a person or persons;

（二）爆炸、纵火或者投放毒害性、放射性、传染病病原体等物质；

(2) explosion, arson, or dissemination of poisonous or radioactive substances, pathogens of infectious diseases or other substances;

（三）破坏交通工具、交通设施、电力设备、燃气设备或者其他易燃易爆设备；

(3) sabotage of means of transport, transport facilities, electric power or gas facilities, or other combustible or explosible facilities;

（四）严重干扰、破坏水、电、燃气、交通、通讯、网络等公共服务和管理的电子控制系统；

(4) serious interruption or sabotage of electronic control systems for providing and managing public services such as water, electric power, gas, transport, telecommunications and the internet; or

（五）以其他危险方法严重危害公众健康或者安全。

(5) other dangerous activities which seriously jeopardise public health, safety or security.

犯前款罪，致人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑；其他情形，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。

A person who commits the offence causing serious bodily injury, death or significant loss of public or private property shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years; in other circumstances, a person who commits the offence shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years.

第二十五条 组织、领导恐怖活动组织的，即属犯罪，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑，并处没收财产；积极参加的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金；其他参加的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，可以并处罚金。

Article 25 A person who organises or takes charge of a terrorist organisation shall be guilty of an offence and shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, and shall be subject to confiscation of property; a person who actively participates in a terrorist organisation shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years and shall be imposed with a criminal fine; and other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, short-term detention or restriction, and shall be liable to a criminal fine.

本法所指的恐怖活动组织，是指实施或者意图实施本法第二十四条规定的恐怖活动罪行或者参与或者协助实施本法第二十四条规定的恐怖活动罪行的组织。

For the purpose of this Law, a terrorist organisation means an organisation which commits or intends to commit the offence under Article 24 of this Law or participates or assists in the commission of the offence.

第二十六条 为恐怖活动组织、恐怖活动人员、恐怖活动实施提供培训、武器、信息、资金、物资、劳务、运输、技术或者场所等支持、协助、便利，或者制造、非法管有爆炸性、毒害性、放射性、传染病病原体等物质以及以其他形式准备实施恐怖活动的，即属犯罪。情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产；其他情形，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。

Article 26 A person who provides support, assistance or facility such as training, weapons, information, funds, supplies, labour, transport, technologies or venues to a terrorist organisation or a terrorist, or for the commission of a terrorist activity; or manufactures or illegally possesses substances such as explosive, poisonous or radioactive substances and pathogens of infectious diseases or uses other means to prepare for the commission of a terrorist activity, shall be guilty of an offence. If the circumstances of the offence committed by a person are of a serious nature, the person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years, and shall be imposed with a criminal fine or subject to confiscation of property; in other circumstances, a person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, short-term detention or restriction, and shall be imposed with a criminal fine.

有前款行为，同时构成其他犯罪的，依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。

If the act referred to in the preceding paragraph also constitutes other offences, the person who commits the act shall be convicted and sentenced for the offence that carries a more severe penalty.

第二十七条 宣扬恐怖主义、煽动实施恐怖活动的，即属犯罪。情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产；其他情形，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。

Article 27 A person who advocates terrorism or incites the commission of a terrorist activity shall be guilty of an offence. If the circumstances of the offence committed by a person are of a serious nature, the person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years, and shall be imposed with a criminal fine or subject to confiscation of property; in other circumstances, a person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, short-term detention or restriction, and shall be imposed with a criminal fine.

第二十八条 本节规定不影响依据香港特别行政区法律对其他形式的恐怖活动犯罪追究刑事责任并采取冻结财产等措施。

Article 28 The provisions of this Part shall not affect the prosecution of terrorist offences committed in other forms or the imposition of other measures such as freezing of property in accordance with the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

第四节 勾结外国或者境外势力危害国家安全罪

Part 4 Collusion with a Foreign Country or with External Elements to Endanger National Security

第二十九条 为外国或者境外机构、组织、人员窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供涉及国家安全的国家秘密或者情报的；请求外国或者境外机构、组织、人员实施，与外国或者境外机构、组织、人员串谋实施，或者直接或者间接接受外国或者境外机构、组织、人员的指使、控制、资助或者其他形式的支援实施以下行为之一的，均属犯罪：

Article 29 A person who steals, spies, obtains with payment, or unlawfully provides State secrets or intelligence concerning national security for a foreign country or an institution, organisation or individual outside the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao of the People’s Republic of China shall be guilty of an offence; a person who requests a foreign country or an institution, organisation or individual outside the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao of the People’s Republic of China, or conspires with a foreign country or an institution, organisation or individual outside the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao of the People’s Republic of China, or directly or indirectly receives instructions, control, funding or other kinds of support from a foreign country or an institution, organisation or individual outside the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao of the People’s Republic of China, to commit any of the following acts shall be guilty of an offence:

（一）对中华人民共和国发动战争，或者以武力或者武力相威胁，对中华人民共和国主权、统一和领土完整造成严重危害；

(1) waging a war against the People’s Republic of China, or using or threatening to use force to seriously undermine the sovereignty, unification and territorial integrity of the People’s Republic of China;

（二）对香港特别行政区政府或者中央人民政府制定和执行法律、政策进行严重阻挠并可能造成严重后果；

(2) seriously disrupting the formulation and implementation of laws or policies by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or by the Central People’s Government, which is likely to cause serious consequences;

（三）对香港特别行政区选举进行操控、破坏并可能造成严重后果；

(3) rigging or undermining an election in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, which is likely to cause serious consequences;

（四）对香港特别行政区或者中华人民共和国进行制裁、封锁或者采取其他敌对行动；

(4) imposing sanctions or blockade, or engaging in other hostile activities against the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or the People’s Republic of China; or

（五）通过各种非法方式引发香港特别行政区居民对中央人民政府或者香港特别行政区政府的憎恨并可能造成严重后果。

(5) provoking by unlawful means hatred among Hong Kong residents towards the Central People’s Government or the Government of the Region, which is likely to cause serious consequences.

犯前款罪，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑；罪行重大的，处无期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。

A person who commits the offence shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years; a person who commits an offence of a grave nature shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.

本条第一款规定涉及的境外机构、组织、人员，按共同犯罪定罪处刑。

The institution, organisation and individual outside the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao of the People’s Republic of China referred to in the first paragraph of this Article shall be convicted and punished for the same offence.

第三十条 为实施本法第二十条、第二十二条规定的犯罪，与外国或者境外机构、组织、人员串谋，或者直接或者间接接受外国或者境外机构、组织、人员的指使、控制、资助或者其他形式的支援的，依照本法第二十条、第二十二条的规定从重处罚。

Article 30 A person who conspires with or directly or indirectly receives instructions, control, funding or other kinds of support from a foreign country or an institution, organisation, or individual outside the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao of the People’s Republic of China to commit the offences under Article 20 or 22 of this Law shall be liable to a more severe penalty in accordance with the provisions therein respectively.

第五节 其他处罚规定

Part 5 Other Provisions on Penalty

第三十一条 公司、团体等法人或者非法人组织实施本法规定的犯罪的，对该组织判处罚金。

Article 31 An incorporated or unincorporated body such as a company or an organisation which commits an offence under this Law shall be imposed with a criminal fine.

公司、团体等法人或者非法人组织因犯本法规定的罪行受到刑事处罚的，应责令其暂停运作或者吊销其执照或者营业许可证。The operation of an incorporated or unincorporated body such as a company or an organisation shall be suspended or its licence or business permit shall be revoked if the body has been punished for committing an offence under this Law.

第三十二条 因实施本法规定的犯罪而获得的资助、收益、报酬等违法所得以及用于或者意图用于犯罪的资金和工具，应当予以追缴、没收。Article 32 Proceeds obtained from the commission of an offence under this Law including financial aid, gains and rewards, and funds and tools used or intended to be used in the commission of the offence shall be seized and confiscated.

第三十三条 有以下情形的，对有关犯罪行为人、犯罪嫌疑人、被告人可以从轻、减轻处罚；犯罪较轻的，可以免除处罚：

Article 33 A lighter penalty may be imposed, or the penalty may be reduced or, in the case of a minor offence, exempted, if an offender, criminal suspect, or defendant:

（一）在犯罪过程中，自动放弃犯罪或者自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生的；

(1) in the process of committing an offence, voluntarily discontinues the commission of the offence or voluntarily and effectively forestalls its consequences;

（二）自动投案，如实供述自己的罪行的；

(2) voluntarily surrenders himself or herself and gives a truthful account of the offence; or

（三）揭发他人犯罪行为，查证属实，或者提供重要线索得以侦破其他案件的。

(3) reports on the offence committed by other person, which is verified to be true, or provides material information which assists in solving other criminal case.

被采取强制措施的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人如实供述执法、司法机关未掌握的本人犯有本法规定的其他罪行的，按前款第二项规定处理。

Sub-paragraph (2) of the preceding paragraph shall apply to a criminal suspect or defendant who is subjected to mandatory measures and provides a truthful account of other offences committed by him or her under this Law which are unknown to the law enforcement or judicial authorities.

第三十四条 不具有香港特别行政区永久性居民身份的人实施本法规定的犯罪的，可以独立适用或者附加适用驱逐出境。

Article 34 A person who is not a permanent resident of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may be subject to deportation as the sole or an additional punishment if he or she commits an offence under this Law.

不具有香港特别行政区永久性居民身份的人违反本法规定，因任何原因不对其追究刑事责任的，也可以驱逐出境。

A person who is not a permanent resident of the Region may be subject to deportation if he or she contravenes the provisions of this Law but is not prosecuted for any reason.

第三十五条 任何人经法院判决犯危害国家安全罪行的，即丧失作为候选人参加香港特别行政区举行的立法会、区议会选举或者出任香港特别行政区任何公职或者行政长官选举委员会委员的资格；曾经宣誓或者声明拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法、效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区的立法会议员、政府官员及公务人员、行政会议成员、法官及其他司法人员、区议员，即时丧失该等职务，并丧失参选或者出任上述职务的资格。

Article 35 A person who is convicted of an offence endangering national security by a court shall be disqualified from standing as a candidate in the elections of the Legislative Council and district councils of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, holding any public office in the Region, or serving as a member of the Election Committee for electing the Chief Executive. If a person so convicted is a member of the Legislative Council, a government official, a public servant, a member of the Executive Council, a judge or a judicial officer, or a member of the district councils, who has taken an oath or made a declaration to uphold the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and swear allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, he or she shall be removed from his or her office upon conviction, and shall be disqualified from standing for the aforementioned elections or from holding any of the aforementioned posts.

前款规定资格或者职务的丧失，由负责组织、管理有关选举或者公职任免的机构宣布。

The disqualification and removal from offices referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be announced by the authorities responsible for organising and managing the relevant elections or for the appointment and removal of holders of public office.

第六节 效力范围

Part 6 Scope of Application

第三十六条 任何人在香港特别行政区内实施本法规定的犯罪的，适用本法。犯罪的行为或者结果有一项发生在香港特别行政区内的，就认为是在香港特别行政区内犯罪。

Article 36 This Law shall apply to offences under this Law which are committed in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region by any person. An offence shall be deemed to have been committed in the Region if an act constituting the offence or the consequence of the offence occurs in the Region.

在香港特别行政区注册的船舶或者航空器内实施本法规定的犯罪的，也适用本法。

This Law shall also apply to offences under this Law committed on board a vessel or aircraft registered in the Region.

第三十七条 香港特别行政区永久性居民或者在香港特别行政区成立的公司、团体等法人或者非法人组织在香港特别行政区以外实施本法规定的犯罪的，适用本法。

Article 37 This Law shall apply to a person who is a permanent resident of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or an incorporated or unincorporated body such as a company or an organisation which is set up in the Region if the person or the body commits an offence under this Law outside the Region.

第三十八条 不具有香港特别行政区永久性居民身份的人在香港特别行政区以外针对香港特别行政区实施本法规定的犯罪的，适用本法。

Article 38 This Law shall apply to offences under this Law committed against the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region from outside the Region by a person who is not a permanent resident of the Region.

第三十九条 本法施行以后的行为，适用本法定罪处刑。

Article 39 This Law shall apply to acts committed after its entry into force for the purpose of conviction and imposition of punishment.

第四章 案件管辖、法律适用和程序

Chapter IV Jurisdiction, Applicable Law and Procedure

第四十条 香港特别行政区对本法规定的犯罪案件行使管辖权，但本法第五十五条规定的情形除外。

Article 40 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall have jurisdiction over cases concerning offences under this Law, except under the circumstances specified in Article 55 of this Law.

第四十一条 香港特别行政区管辖危害国家安全犯罪案件的立案侦查、检控、审判和刑罚的执行等诉讼程序事宜，适用本法和香港特别行政区本地法律。Article 41 This Law and the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall apply to procedural matters, including those related to criminal investigation, prosecution, trial, and execution of penalty, in respect of cases concerning offence endangering national security over which the Region exercises jurisdiction.

未经律政司长书面同意，任何人不得就危害国家安全犯罪案件提出检控。但该规定不影响就有关犯罪依法逮捕犯罪嫌疑人并将其羁押，也不影响该等犯罪嫌疑人申请保释。

No prosecution shall be instituted in respect of an offence endangering national security without the written consent of the Secretary for Justice. This provision shall not prejudice the arrest and detention of a person who is suspected of having committed the offence or the application for bail by the person in accordance with the law.

香港特别行政区管辖的危害国家安全犯罪案件的审判循公诉程序进行。

Cases concerning offence endangering national security within the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be tried on indictment.

审判应当公开进行。因为涉及国家秘密、公共秩序等情形不宜公开审理的，禁止新闻界和公众旁听全部或者一部分审理程序，但判决结果应当一律公开宣布。

The trial shall be conducted in an open court. When circumstances arise such as the trial involving State secrets or public order, all or part of the trial shall be closed to the media and the public but the judgment shall be delivered in an open court.

第四十二条 香港特别行政区执法、司法机关在适用香港特别行政区现行法律有关羁押、审理期限等方面的规定时，应当确保危害国家安全犯罪案件公正、及时办理，有效防范、制止和惩治危害国家安全犯罪。

Article 42 When applying the laws in force in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region concerning matters such as the detention and time limit for trial, the law enforcement and judicial authorities of the Region shall ensure that cases concerning offence endangering national security are handled in a fair and timely manner so as to effectively prevent, suppress and impose punishment for such offence.

对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，除非法官有充足理由相信其不会继续实施危害国家安全行为的，不得准予保释。

No bail shall be granted to a criminal suspect or defendant unless the judge has sufficient grounds for believing that the criminal suspect or defendant will not continue to commit acts endangering national security.

第四十三条 香港特别行政区政府警务处维护国家安全部门办理危害国家安全犯罪案件时，可以采取香港特别行政区现行法律准予警方等执法部门在调查严重犯罪案件时采取的各种措施，并可以采取以下措施：

Article 43 When handling cases concerning offence endangering national security, the department for safeguarding national security of the Police Force of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may take measures that law enforcement authorities, including the Hong Kong Police Force, are allowed to apply under the laws in force in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in investigating serious crimes, and may also take the following measures:

（一）搜查可能存有犯罪证据的处所、车辆、船只、航空器以及其他有关地方和电子设备；

(1) search of premises, vehicles, vessels, aircraft and other relevant places and electronic devices that may contain evidence of an offence;

（二）要求涉嫌实施危害国家安全犯罪行为的人员交出旅行证件或者限制其离境；

(2) ordering any person suspected of having committed an offence endangering national security to surrender travel documents, or prohibiting the person concerned from leaving the Region;

（三）对用于或者意图用于犯罪的财产、因犯罪所得的收益等与犯罪相关的财产，予以冻结，申请限制令、押记令、没收令以及充公；

(3) freezing of, applying for restraint order, charging order and confiscation order in respect of, and forfeiture of property used or intended to be used for the commission of the offence, proceeds of crime, or other property relating to the commission of the offence;

（四）要求信息发布人或者有关服务商移除信息或者提供协助；

(4) requiring a person who published information or the relevant service provider to delete the information or provide assistance;

（五）要求外国及境外政治性组织，外国及境外当局或者政治性组织的代理人提供资料；

(5) requiring a political organisation of a foreign country or outside the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao of the People’s Republic of China, or an agent of authorities or a political organisation of a foreign country or outside the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao of the People’s Republic of China, to provide information;

（六）经行政长官批准，对有合理理由怀疑涉及实施危害国家安全犯罪的人员进行截取通讯和秘密监察；

(6) upon approval of the Chief Executive, carrying out interception of communications and conducting covert surveillance on a person who is suspected, on reasonable grounds, of having involved in the commission of an offence endangering national security; and

（七）对有合理理由怀疑拥有与侦查有关的资料或者管有有关物料的人员，要求其回答问题和提交资料或者物料。

(7) requiring a person, who is suspected, on reasonable grounds, of having in possession information or material relevant to investigation, to answer questions and furnish such information or produce such material.

香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会对警务处维护国家安全部门等执法机构采取本条第一款规定措施负有监督责任。

The Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for supervising the implementation of the measures stipulated in the first paragraph of this Article by law enforcement authorities including the department for safeguarding national security of the Hong Kong Police Force.

授权香港特别行政区行政长官会同香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会为采取本条第一款规定措施制定相关实施细则。

The Chief Executive shall be authorised, in conjunction with the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, to make relevant implementation rules for the purpose of applying the measures under the first paragraph of this Article.

第四十四条 香港特别行政区行政长官应当从裁判官、区域法院法官、高等法院原讼法庭法官、上诉法庭法官以及终审法院法官中指定若干名法官，也可从暂委或者特委法官中指定若干名法官，负责处理危害国家安全犯罪案件。行政长官在指定法官前可征询香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会和终审法院首席法官的意见。上述指定法官任期一年。

Article 44 The Chief Executive shall designate a number of judges from the magistrates, the judges of the District Court, the judges of the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal of the High Court, and the judges of the Court of Final Appeal, and may also designate a number of judges from deputy judges or recorders, to handle cases concerning offence endangering national security. Before making such designation, the Chief Executive may consult the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal. The term of office of the aforementioned designated judges shall be one year.

凡有危害国家安全言行的，不得被指定为审理危害国家安全犯罪案件的法官。在获任指定法官期间，如有危害国家安全言行的，终止其指定法官资格。

A person shall not be designated as a judge to adjudicate a case concerning offence endangering national security if he or she has made any statement or behaved in any manner endangering national security. A designated judge shall be removed from the designation list if he or she makes any statement or behaves in any manner endangering national security during the term of office.

在裁判法院、区域法院、高等法院和终审法院就危害国家安全犯罪案件提起的刑事检控程序应当分别由各该法院的指定法官处理。

The proceedings in relation to the prosecution for offences endangering national security in the magistrates’ courts, the District Court, the High Court and the Court of Final Appeal shall be handled by the designated judges in the respective courts.

第四十五条 除本法另有规定外，裁判法院、区域法院、高等法院和终审法院应当按照香港特别行政区的其他法律处理就危害国家安全犯罪案件提起的刑事检控程序。

Article 45 Unless otherwise provided by this Law, magistrates’ courts, the District Court, the High Court and the Court of Final Appeal shall handle proceedings in relation to the prosecution for offences endangering national security in accordance with the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

第四十六条 对高等法院原讼法庭进行的就危害国家安全犯罪案件提起的刑事检控程序，律政司长可基于保护国家秘密、案件具有涉外因素或者保障陪审员及其家人的人身安全等理由，发出证书指示相关诉讼毋须在有陪审团的情况下进行审理。凡律政司长发出上述证书，高等法院原讼法庭应当在没有陪审团的情况下进行审理，并由三名法官组成审判庭。

Article 46 In criminal proceedings in the Court of First Instance of the High Court concerning offences endangering national security, the Secretary for Justice may issue a certificate directing that the case shall be tried without a jury on the grounds of, among others, the protection of State secrets, involvement of foreign factors in the case, and the protection of personal safety of jurors and their family members. Where the Secretary for Justice has issued the certificate, the case shall be tried in the Court of First Instance without a jury by a panel of three judges.

凡律政司长发出前款规定的证书，适用于相关诉讼的香港特别行政区任何法律条文关于“陪审团”或者“陪审团的裁决”，均应当理解为指法官或者法官作为事实裁断者的职能。

Where the Secretary for Justice has issued the certificate, the reference to “a jury” or “a verdict of the jury” in any provision of the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region applicable to the related proceedings shall be construed as referring to the judges or the functions of the judge as a judge of fact.

第四十七条 香港特别行政区法院在审理案件中遇有涉及有关行为是否涉及国家安全或者有关证据材料是否涉及国家秘密的认定问题，应取得行政长官就该等问题发出的证明书，上述证明书对法院有约束力。

Article 47 The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall obtain a certificate from the Chief Executive to certify whether an act involves national security or whether the relevant evidence involves State secrets when such questions arise in the adjudication of a case. The certificate shall be binding on the courts.

第五章 中央人民政府驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全机构

Chapter V Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

第四十八条 中央人民政府在香港特别行政区设立维护国家安全公署。中央人民政府驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署依法履行维护国家安全职责，行使相关权力。

Article 48 The Central People’s Government shall establish in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region an office for safeguarding national security. The Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall perform its mandate for safeguarding national security and exercise relevant powers in accordance with the law.

驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署人员由中央人民政府维护国家安全的有关机关联合派出。

The staff of the Office shall be jointly dispatched by relevant national security authorities under the Central People’s Government.

第四十九条 驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署的职责为：

Article 49 The Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall perform the following mandate:

（一）分析研判香港特别行政区维护国家安全形势，就维护国家安全重大战略和重要政策提出意见和建议；

(1) analysing and assessing developments in relation to safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and providing opinions and making proposals on major strategies and important policies for safeguarding national security;

（二）监督、指导、协调、支持香港特别行政区履行维护国家安全的职责；

(2) overseeing, guiding, coordinating with, and providing support to the Region in the performance of its duties for safeguarding national security;

（三）收集分析国家安全情报信息；

(3) collecting and analysing intelligence and information concerning national security; and

（四）依法办理危害国家安全犯罪案件。

(4) handling cases concerning offence endangering national security in accordance with the law.

第五十条 驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署应当严格依法履行职责，依法接受监督，不得侵害任何个人和组织的合法权益。

Article 50 The Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall perform its mandate in strict compliance with the law and be subject to supervision in accordance with the law. It shall not infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of any individual or organisation.

驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署人员除须遵守全国性法律外，还应当遵守香港特别行政区法律。

The staff of the Office shall abide by the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region as well as national laws.

驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署人员依法接受国家监察机关的监督。

The staff of the Office shall be subject to the supervision of the national supervisory authorities in accordance with the law.

第五十一条 驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署的经费由中央财政保障。

Article 51 The Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be funded by the Central People’s Government.

第五十二条 驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署应当加强与中央人民政府驻香港特别行政区联络办公室、外交部驻香港特别行政区特派员公署、中国人民解放军驻香港部队的工作联系和工作协同。

Article 52 The Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall strengthen working relations and cooperation with the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the Hong Kong Garrison of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army.

第五十三条 驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署应当与香港特别行政区维护国家安全委员会建立协调机制，监督、指导香港特别行政区维护国家安全工作。

Article 53 The Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall establish a mechanism of coordination with the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to oversee and provide guidance on the work of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for safeguarding national security.

驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署的工作部门应当与香港特别行政区维护国家安全的有关机关建立协作机制，加强信息共享和行动配合。

The working departments of the Office shall establish mechanisms for collaboration with the relevant authorities of the Region responsible for safeguarding national security to enhance information sharing and operations coordination.

第五十四条 驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署、外交部驻香港特别行政区特派员公署会同香港特别行政区政府采取必要措施，加强对外国和国际组织驻香港特别行政区机构、在香港特别行政区的外国和境外非政府组织和新闻机构的管理和服务。

Article 54 The Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, together with the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, take necessary measures to strengthen the management of and services for organs of foreign countries and international organisations in the Region, as well as non-governmental organisations and news agencies of foreign countries and from outside the mainland, Hong Kong, and Macao of the People’s Republic of China in the Region.

第五十五条 有以下情形之一的，经香港特别行政区政府或者驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署提出，并报中央人民政府批准，由驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署对本法规定的危害国家安全犯罪案件行使管辖权：

Article 54 The Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall, together with the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, take necessary measures to strengthen the management of and services for organs of foreign countries and international organisations in the Region, as well as non-governmental organisations and news agencies of foreign countries and from outside the mainland, Hong Kong, and Macao of the People’s Republic of China in the Region.

（一）案件涉及外国或者境外势力介入的复杂情况，香港特别行政区管辖确有困难的；

(1) the case is complex due to the involvement of a foreign country or external elements, thus making it difficult for the Region to exercise jurisdiction over the case;

（二）出现香港特别行政区政府无法有效执行本法的严重情况的；

(2) a serious situation occurs where the Government of the Region is unable to effectively enforce this Law; or

（三）出现国家安全面临重大现实威胁的情况的。

(3) a major and imminent threat to national security has occurred.

第五十六条 根据本法第五十五条规定管辖有关危害国家安全犯罪案件时，由驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署负责立案侦查，最高人民检察院指定有关检察机关行使检察权，最高人民法院指定有关法院行使审判权。

Article 56 In exercising jurisdiction over a case concerning offence endangering national security pursuant to Article 55 of this Law, the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall initiate investigation into the case, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate shall designate a prosecuting body to prosecute it, and the Supreme People’s Court shall designate a court to adjudicate it.

第五十七条 根据本法第五十五条规定管辖案件的立案侦查、审查起诉、审判和刑罚的执行等诉讼程序事宜，适用《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》等相关法律的规定。

Article 57 The Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China and other related national laws shall apply to procedural matters, including those related to criminal investigation, examination and prosecution, trial, and execution of penalty, in respect of cases over which jurisdiction is exercised pursuant to Article 55 of this Law.

根据本法第五十五条规定管辖案件时，本法第五十六条规定的执法、司法机关依法行使相关权力，其为决定采取强制措施、侦查措施和司法裁判而签发的法律文书在香港特别行政区具有法律效力。对于驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署依法采取的措施，有关机构、组织和个人必须遵从。

When exercising jurisdiction over cases pursuant to Article 55 of this Law, the law enforcement and judicial authorities referred to in Article 56 of this Law shall exercise powers in accordance with the law. The legal documents issued by these authorities on their decisions to take mandatory and investigation measures and on their judicial decisions shall have legal force in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The institutions, organisations and individuals concerned must comply with measures taken by the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the law.

第五十八条 根据本法第五十五条规定管辖案件时，犯罪嫌疑人自被驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署第一次讯问或者采取强制措施之日起，有权委托律师作为辩护人。辩护律师可以依法为犯罪嫌疑人、被告人提供法律帮助。Article 58 In a case over which jurisdiction is exercised pursuant to Article 55 of this Law, a criminal suspect shall have the right to retain a lawyer to represent him or her from the day he or she first receives inquiry made by the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or from the day a mandatory measure is taken against him or her. A defence lawyer may provide legal assistance to a criminal suspect or defendant in accordance with the law.

犯罪嫌疑人、被告人被合法拘捕后，享有尽早接受司法机关公正审判的权利。

A criminal suspect or defendant who is arrested in accordance with the law shall be entitled to a fair trial before a judicial body without undue delay.

第五十九条 根据本法第五十五条规定管辖案件时，任何人如果知道本法规定的危害国家安全犯罪案件情况，都有如实作证的义务。

Article 59 In a case over which jurisdiction is exercised pursuant to Article 55 of this Law, any person who has information pertaining to an offence endangering national security under this Law is obliged to testify truthfully.

第六十条 驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署及其人员依据本法执行职务的行为，不受香港特别行政区管辖。Article 60 The acts performed in the course of duty by the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and its staff in accordance with this Law shall not be subject to the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

持有驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署制发的证件或者证明文件的人员和车辆等在执行职务时不受香港特别行政区执法人员检查、搜查和扣押。

In the course of performing duty, a holder of an identification document or a document of certification issued by the Office and the articles including vehicles used by the holder shall not be subject to inspection, search or detention by law enforcement officers of the Region.

驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署及其人员享有香港特别行政区法律规定的其他权利和豁免。

The Office and its staff shall enjoy other rights and immunities provided by laws of the Region.

第六十一条 驻香港特别行政区维护国家安全公署依据本法规定履行职责时，香港特别行政区政府有关部门须提供必要的便利和配合，对妨碍有关执行职务的行为依法予以制止并追究责任。

Article 61 The relevant departments of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall provide necessary facilitation and support to the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in performing its mandate in accordance with this Law, and shall stop any act obstructing the performance of such mandate and hold those who commit such act liable in accordance with the law.

第六章 附则

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

第六十二条 香港特别行政区本地法律规定与本法不一致的，适用本法规定。

Article 62 This Law shall prevail where provisions of the local laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region are inconsistent with this Law.

第六十三条 办理本法规定的危害国家安全犯罪案件的有关执法、司法机关及其人员或者办理其他危害国家安全犯罪案件的香港特别行政区执法、司法机关及其人员，应当对办案过程中知悉的国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私予以保密。

Article 63 The law enforcement and judicial authorities and their staff who handle cases concerning offence endangering national security under this Law, or the law enforcement and judicial authorities of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and their staff who handle other cases concerning offence endangering national security, shall keep confidential State secrets, trade secrets or personal information which they come to know in the process of handling such cases.

担任辩护人或者诉讼代理人的律师应当保守在执业活动中知悉的国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私。

A lawyer who serves as defence counsel or legal representative shall keep confidential State secrets, trade secrets or personal information which he or she comes to know in the practice of law.

配合办案的有关机构、组织和个人应当对案件有关情况予以保密。

The relevant institutions, organisations and individuals who assist with the handling of a case shall keep confidential any information pertaining to the case.

第六十四条 香港特别行政区适用本法时，本法规定的“有期徒刑”“无期徒刑”“没收财产”和“罚金”分别指“监禁”“终身监禁”“充公犯罪所得”和“罚款”，“拘役”参照适用香港特别行政区相关法律规定的“监禁”“入劳役中心”“入教导所”，“管制”参照适用香港特别行政区相关法律规定的“社会服务令”“入感化院”，“吊销执照或者营业许可证”指香港特别行政区相关法律规定的“取消注册或者注册豁免，或者取消牌照”。

Article 64 In the application of this Law in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the terms “fixed-term imprisonment”, “life imprisonment”, “confiscation of property” and “criminal fine” in this Law respectively mean “imprisonment”, “imprisonment for life”, “confiscation of proceeds of crime” and “fine”; “short-term detention” shall be construed, with reference to the relevant laws of the Region, as “imprisonment”, “detention in a detention centre” or “detention in a training centre”; “restriction” shall be construed, with reference to the relevant laws of the Region, as “community service” or “detention in a reformatory school”; and “revoke licence or business permit” means “revoke registration or exemption from registration, or revoke licence” as provided for in the relevant laws of the Region.

第六十五条 本法的解释权属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会。

Article 65 The power of interpretation of this Law shall be vested in the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.

第六十六条 本法自公布之日起施行。

Article 66 This Law shall come into force on the date of its promulgation.

来源：新华网

Python程序基础篇，保姆式教学，第一课变量类型、运算符和字符串

变量类型和运算符

所有的编程语言都支持变量，python 也不例外。变量是编程的起点，程序需要将数据存储到变量中。

变量在 Python 内部是有类型的，但是我们在编程时无需关注变量类型，所有的变量都无需提前声明，赋值后就能使用。另外，可以将不同类型的数据赋值给同一个变量，所以变量的类型是可以改变的。

Python变量的定义和使用

变量（Variable）可以看成一个小箱子，专门用来“盛装”程序中的数据。每个变量都拥有独一无二的名字，通过变量的名字就能找到变量中的数据。
从底层看，程序中的数据最终都要放到内存（内存条）中，变量其实就是这块内存的名字。
和变量相对应的是常量（Constant），它们都是用来“盛装”数据的小箱子，不同的是：变量保存的数据可以被多次修改，而常量一旦保存某个数据之后就不能修改了。

定义变量

在编程语言中，将数据放入变量的过程叫做赋值（Assignment）。

Python 使用等号=作为赋值运算符，举例格式为：name = value

语法格式：

变量名 = 数据

变量名： 程序员自己命名

注意，变量是标识符的一种，它的名字不能随便起，要遵守 Python 标识符命名规范，还要避免和 Python 内置函数以及 Python 保留字重名。

举例说明例如，下面的语句将整数 10 赋值给变量 n：

n = 10

从此以后，n 就代表整数 10，使用 n 也就是使用 10。

变量的赋值

变量的值不是一成不变的，它可以随时被修改，只要重新赋值即可；另外你也不用关心数据的类型，可以将不同类型的数据赋值给同一个变量。请看下面的演示：

n = 10 #将10赋值给变量n

n = 95 #将95赋值给变量n

n = 200 #将200赋值给变量n

注意，变量的值一旦被修改，之前的值就被覆盖了，不复存在了，再也找不回了。换句话说，变量只能容纳一个值。
除了赋值单个数据，你也可以将表达式的运行结果赋值给变量，例如：

sum = 100 20 #将加法的结果赋值给变量

rem = 25 * 30 % 7 #将余数赋值给变量

注意：python中同一变量可以保存不同类型的值。

同时给多个变量赋值

1、同时给不同的变量赋不同的值：变量1，变量2，变量3，…=数据1，数据2，数据3，…

给多个变量同时赋予不同的值

a, b, c = 1, 2, 3

print(a, b, c) # 1 2 3

2、同时给不同的变量赋相同的值：变量1=变量2=变量3=…=数据

# 给不同的变量赋予相同的值

c1 = c2 = c3 = 33

print(c1, c2, c3) # 33 33 33

3、python交换两个变量的值

# 交换两个变量的值

x = 1

y = 2

print('x：{},y：{}'.format(x, y)) # x：1,y：2

x, y = y, x

print('x：{},y：{}'.format(x, y)) # x：2,y：1

# 交换三个变量的值

x1 = 1

x2 = 2

x3 = 3

x1, x2, x3 = x3, x1, x2

print(x1, x2, x3) # 3 1 2

Python标识符命名规范

简单地理解，标识符就是一个名字，就好像我们每个人都有属于自己的名字一样，它的主要作用就是作为变量、函数、类、模块以及其他对象的名称。

Python中的标识符命名不是随意的，而是要遵守一定的命令规则，比如说：

标识符是由字符（A~Z 和 a~z）、下划线和数字组成，但第一个字符不能是数字。

标识符不能和 Python 中的保留字相同。有关保留字，后续章节会详细介绍。

Python中的标识符中，不能包含空格、@、% 以及 $ 等特殊字符。

例如，下面所列举的标识符是合法的：

UserID
name
mode12
user_age

3.以下命名的标识符不合法：

4word #不能以数字开头
try #try是保留字，不能作为标识符
$money #不能包含特殊字符

在 Python 中，标识符中的字母是严格区分大小写的，也就是说，两个同样的单词，如果大小格式不一样，代表的意义也是完全不同的。比如说，下面这 3 个变量之间，就是完全独立、毫无关系的，它们彼此之间是相互独立的个体。

NUMBER = 0
Number = 0
NUMBER = 0

Python 语言中，以下划线开头的标识符有特殊含义，例如:以单下划线开头的标识符（如 _width），表示不能直接访问的类属性，其无法通过 from...import* 的方式导入；以双下划线开头的标识符（如__add）表示类的私有成员；以双下划线作为开头和结尾的标识符（如 __init__），是专用标识符。因此，除非特定场景需要，应避免使用以下划线开头的标识符。

另外需要注意的是，Python 允许使用汉字作为标识符，但我们应尽量避免使用汉字作为标识符，这样会避免遇到很多奇葩的错误。

标识符的命名，除了要遵守以上这几条规则外，不同场景中的标识符，其名称也有一定的规范可循，例如：

当标识符用作模块名时，应尽量短小，并且全部使用小写字母，可以使用下划线分割多个字母，例如 game_mian、game_register 等。

当标识符用作包的名称时，应尽量短小，也全部使用小写字母，不推荐使用下划线，例如 com.mr、com.mr.book 等。

当标识符用作类名时，应采用单词首字母大写的形式。例如，定义一个图书类，可以命名为 Book。

模块内部的类名，可以采用 "下划线 首字母大写" 的形式，如 _Book;

函数名、类中的属性名和方法名，应全部使用小写字母，多个单词之间可以用下划线分割；

常量命名应全部使用大写字母，单词之间可以用下划线分割；

Python关键字（保留字）一览表

保留字是 Python 语言中一些已经被赋予特定意义的单词，这就要求开发者在开发程序时，不能用这些保留字作为标识符给变量、函数、类、模板以及其他对象命名。
Python 包含的保留字可以执行如下命令进行查看：

>>> import keyword
>>> keyword.kwlist
['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elIF', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']

需要注意的是，由于 Python 是严格区分大小写的，保留字也不例外。所以，我们可以说 if 是保留字，但 IF 就不是保留字。

在实际开发中，如果使用 Python 中的保留字作为标识符，则解释器会提示“invalid syntax” 的错误信息。

Python内置函数一览表

Python 解释器自带的函数叫做内置函数，这些函数可以直接使用，不需要导入某个模块。
如果你熟悉 Shell 编程，了解什么是 Shell 内置命令，那么你也很容易理解什么是 Python 内置函数，它们的概念是类似的。

将使用频繁的代码封装起来，并给它起一个名字，以后使用的时候只要知道名字就可以，这就是函数。函数就是一段封装好的、可以重复使用的代码，它使得我们的程序更加模块化，不需要编写大量重复的代码。

内置函数和标准库函数是不一样的。

Python 解释器也是一个程序，它给用户提供了一些常用功能，并给它们起了独一无二的名字，这些常用功能就是内置函数。Python 解释器启动以后，内置函数也生效了，可以直接拿来使用。

Python 标准库相当于解释器的外部扩展，它并不会随着解释器的启动而启动，要想使用这些外部扩展，必须提前导入。Python 标准库非常庞大，包含了很多模块，要想使用某个函数，必须提前导入对应的模块，否则函数是无效的。

内置函数是解释器的一部分，它随着解释器的启动而生效；标准库函数是解释器的外部扩展，导入模块以后才能生效。一般来说，内置函数的执行效率要高于标准库函数。
Python 解释器一旦启动，所有的内置函数都生效了；而导入标准库的某个模块，只是该模块下的函数生效，并不是所有的标准库函数都生效。
内置函数的数量必须被严格控制，否则 Python 解释器会变得庞大和臃肿。一般来说，只有那些使用频繁或者和语言本身绑定比较紧密的函数，才会被提升为内置函数。
例如，在屏幕上输出文本就是使用最频繁的功能之一，所以 print() 是 Python 的内置函数。

在 Python 2.x 中，print 是一个关键字；到了 Python 3.x 中，print 变成了内置函数。

除了 print() 函数，Python 解释器还提供了更多内置函数，下表列出了 Python 3.x 中的所有内置函数。

表 1 各个内置函数的具体功能和用法，可通过访问

https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/functions.html

注意，不要使用内置函数的名字作为标识符使用（例如变量名、函数名、类名、模板名、对象名等），虽然这样做 Python 解释器不会报错，但这会导致同名的内置函数被覆盖，从而无法使用。

算术运算符

在Python中，运算符有： 、-、*、/、%、**、//(加、减、乘、除、取模、次方、整除）

:加法，两个变量相加求和

-:减法，两个变量相减求差

*：乘法，变量相乘求积

/：除法，变量相除求商

%：取模，得到除法结果第一位余数

**：次方，求变量（a）的n次幂->(a)?，可以用pow()函数代替

//：整除，取除法后的整数部分

学完算术运算符后，我们可以与之前学过的数字数据类型来结合使用。

字符串类型

字符串类型是 Python里面最常见的类型。我们可以简单地通过在引号间包含字符的方式创建它。Python里面单引号和双引号的作用是相同的。字符串是一种标量或者说是一种标量，这意味着 Python解释器在处理字符串时是把它作为单一值并且不会包含其他 Python类型的。字符串是不可变类型，就是说改变一个字符串的元素需要新建一个新的字符串。字符串是由独立的字符组成的，并且这些字符可以通过切片操作顺序地访问。

引号创建字符串

我们可以通过单引号或双引号创建字符串。例如：a=’abc’; b=”sxt”
使用两种引号的好处是可以创建本身就包含引号的字符串，而不用使用转义字符。例如：

>>> a = "I'm a teacher!"

>>> print(a)

I'm a teacher!

>>> b = 'my_name is "TOM"'

>>> print(b)

my_name is "TOM"

连续三个单引号或三个双引号，可以帮助我们创建多行字符串。例如：

>>> resume = ''' name="gaoqi"

company="sxt" age=18

lover="Tom"'''

>>> print(resume)

name="gaoqi"

company="sxt" age=18

lover="Tom"

好了今天的内容就分享到这里，我们下期再会！下期内容分享如下：

python教程：字符串知识总结：

目录

操作符

标准类型操作符

对象值的比较

布尔类型

序列操作符切片([]和[:])

成员操作符(in，not in)

连接符( ) 运行时刻字符串连接

编译时字符串连接

普通字符串转化为Unicode字符串

重复操作符(*)

只适用于字符串的操作符

格式化操作符(%)

字符串模板：更简单的替代品

原始字符串操作符(r/R)

Unicode字符串操作符(u/U)

常见的转义字符

字符串索引

编解码

内建函数

序列类型函数

len()

max()和min()

enumerate()

zip()

字符串类型函数

input()

str()和unicode()

chr()和ord()

字符串内建函数

字符串中字符大小写的变换：

去空格和特殊符号

字符串对齐，填充

字符串搜索、统计功能

字符串检测函数

字符串替换、分割

字符串连接

字符串的独特特性

特殊字符串和控制字符(转义字符)

三引号

字符串不变性