直接点开cheaperappworkl(15种常用交通工具英文，你知道怎么说吗？)

直接点开cheaperappworkl(15种常用交通工具英文，你知道怎么说吗？)

直接点开cheaperappwork文章列表:

• 1、15种常用交通工具英文，你知道怎么说吗？
• 2、快速记住 英语的三个租lease, rent, hire的区别
• 3、经典英语请假条解析，学会帮助你轻松扳回一城
• 4、高考100个常考知识点读一读至少提高5分
• 5、从企业架构DNA出发来做企业自动化

15种常用交通工具英文，你知道怎么说吗？

出门在外，旅行交通是最关键的，要不然哪个景点都去不了。不过这怎么去，怎么说，就成了一个问题。比如现在最流行的网约专车的英语，你知道怎么说吗？

首先我们就得排除掉“private car”这个词，因为这词的具体意思是“私人车辆”，不包含载客运营的意思。而真正的专车服务，应该叫ride-hailing service。

那接下来我们就看看，我们平时会接触到哪些交通工具和出行方式吧。

1. 专车 ride-hailing / uber

例：You know what’s cheaper and better than a taxi? Call an Uber. It’s a convenient ride-hailing service.

2. 步行 walk / go on foot

例：I need the exercise, so I walk to the office every day.

3. 单车 bike / bicycle

例：I live pretty close, so I usually take my bike.

4. 摩托 motorcycle

例：I bought a new motorcycle to get to work, because it’s cheaper than driving.

5. 公交 bus

例：I took the bus to the university.

6. 地铁 metro / subway / tube / underground railway

例：It'll be quicker to take the metro.

7. 渡轮 ferry

例：We’ve crossed the river by ferry before.

8. 私车 car / sedan

例：In the future, electric cars will be even more popular.

9. 出租 taxi / cab

例：We’re short on time. Let’s take a taxi.

10. 拼车 rideshare

例：If you are not in a hurry, a rideshare is cheaper.

11. 飞机 plane

例：Our plane landed in Chicago.

12. 火车 train

例：We went all the way to Tiber by train.

13. 游轮 cruise ship

例：The cruise ship we were on in the Caribbean was enormous.

14. 游艇 yacht

例：How many yachts does Bill Gates have?

15. 缆车 cable car

例：The most scenic way to visit the top of the mountain is by cable car.

学会这些单词，你就可以“上天下地、漂洋过海”了。但是你也别忘记，出行搭乘交通工具，最重要的还是注意交通安全。尤其是骑自行车和摩托车出行，更要遵守交通法规，做好防护措施。

1. ride-hailing / uber - 专车

2. walk / go on foot - 步行

3. bike / bicycle - 单车

4. motorcycle - 摩托

5. bus - 公交

6. metro / subway / tube / underground railway - 地铁

7. ferry - 渡轮

8. car / sedan - 私车

9. taxi / cab - 出租

10. rideshare - 拼车

11. plane - 飞机

12. train - 火车

13. cruise ship - 游轮

14. yacht - 游艇

15. cable car - 缆车

快速记住 英语的三个租lease, rent, hire的区别

1 lease指长期租用建筑物、汽车或设备，尤其是供经商所用。例如：

If you upgrade computers regularly, it may work out cheaper to lease them. 如果你的计算机要经常升级的话，可能还是长期租用更便宜。

2 rent指租用别人的房屋。例如：

We rented an apartment together. 我们合租一套公寓。

3 在美国英语中，rent还可以指租用汽车或电器设备。例如：

The TV is rented. 这台电视机是租来的。

在英国英语中，rent和hire都可以表示租用汽车或电器设备，但hire a car 更为常用。

经典英语请假条解析，学会帮助你轻松扳回一城

Dear Boss:

I am afraid that I have to tell you the bad news.

something incredible happened to me last weekend. I had a car accident and thus broke my legs. Therefore, I have to inform you that maybe I cannot go to work in the next few weeks because of this serious accident. So I want to ask for a month's leave. Thank you for your consideration and

I'm expecting your approval.

Enclosed herewith is my X-ray photo for verification.

Sincerely yours,

Nancy Li

亲爱的老板：

很抱歉，我要告诉您一个坏消息。

这个周末我发生了一件令人无法置信的意外，我出了车祸，并且弄断了腿。所以我必须通知您，由于这个严重的意外，我可能在接下来的几个星期内无法到公司上班。特向您请一个月的假。望您考虑并予以批准。

随信附上我的 X 光照片以兹证明。

南希 · 李 敬上

考点解析

1. I am afraid that I have to tell you the bad news. 很抱歉，我要告诉您一个坏消息。

整个句式是一个习惯表达法，用以表示遗憾地必须地不得不地说出不好的事情，这个用法超重要，一定要会有。（注意这里的the 不可以换为a）

have to，表示客观上不得不，必须；而主观上并非愿意。注意，must,强调主观上“必须”如：

It’s a pity that we have to leave now.我们现在必须离开了，真是遗憾。

We must cut down the expenses.我们必须削减开支。

2. Something incredible happened to me last weekend. I had a car accident and thus broke my legs. 这个周末我发生了一件令人无法置信的意外，我出了车祸，并且弄断了腿。

something incredible令人无法置信的意外

当形容词修饰something、anything、nothing等词时，习惯后置；注意，在形容词修饰不定代词something，anything，nothing ，everything，everyone, anybody 复合不定代词等时后置；available修饰名词时，也通常后置，如 there is no seat available.小结：

普通形容词修饰不定代词时要后置，如：something important

I ’ d like something cheaper. 我想买点较为便宜的东西。

Is there anything good on TV tonight? 今晚电视有好节目吗?

Nobody decent will go there. 正派人不会到那里去的。

2） 表语形容词作定语时也要后置。Do you have a room available

tips？

表语形容词指的是一般只做表语的形容词，大多以a开头，即首字母为a

如: asleep, afraid, awake

3）若不是单个的形容词，而是一个形容词短语用作定语，则必须后置。如：

Is the room big enough for a party? 这个房间容得下一个晚会吗?

I think he is a man suitable for the job. 我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。

例外：第一，必须把something当作名词来用；第二，something必须带定冠词或不定冠词：He felt the presence of an unknown something.

他感觉到一种未知的东西的存在。

incredible [?n?kred?bl] adj.不能相信的;难以置信的;极好的;极大的

比较级： more incredible 最高级： most incredible

adj.

1）

不能相信的；难以置信的

impossible or very difficult to believe

同义词： unbelievable

an incredible story

不可思议的故事

It seemed incredible that she had been there a week already.

真让人难以置信，她已经在那里待了一个星期了。

The wildflowers will be incredible after this rain.

这场雨过后,野花会变得美不胜收。

Their father was incredibly good-looking.

他们的父亲十分英俊。

It seemed incredible that people would still want to play football during a war.

在战时人们仍然想踢足球,这似乎不可思议。

We import an incredible amount of cheese from the Continent.

我们从欧洲大陆进口数量惊人的奶酪。

Thanks for taking me, I had an incredible time

谢谢你带我去，我玩得非常开心。

There was an incredible din

声音异常嘈杂。

It's incredible how much Francesca wants her father's approval

你想象不到弗朗西丝卡多么希望得到父亲的同意。

His panic was incredible.

他惊恐万分。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

What first attracted me to her was her incredible experience of life

她离奇的人生经历最先吸引了我。

It is incredible that the 12-year-old managed to even reach the pedals, let alone drive the car.

12岁的孩子能踩到踏板已经是不可思议，就更不用说开车了。

The script is utterly banal. It is incredible that human minds can put such muck on to paper.

这个剧本是十足的平庸之作，难以想象有人会写出这样的垃圾。

It's incredible that Peter can behave with such stupid lack of feeling.

彼得行事如此麻木不仁，真是难以置信。

It sounded incredible in common.

乍一听来，简直不可思议。

It's quite incredible to think that he now hasn't got a bean

很难相信他现在身无分文。

She lived a wild and incredible life

她过去的生活极其放纵。

2）

极好的；极大的 （其实汉语也有整个用法，好的不可思议，好的无法想象，好的一塌糊涂等）

extremely good or extremely large

The hotel was incredible.

这家旅馆棒极了。

an incredible amount of work

极大量的工作

You're always an incredible help on these cases.

在这些事情上你一直是个难得的好帮手。

This fellow is incredible!

这家伙神了！

I felt I'd made an incredible discovery.

我觉得我有一个天大的发现。

It was an incredible display of motherly love and forgiveness.

那是慈母般关爱与宽容的了不起的表现。

In your free time, explore all that this incredible city has to offer.

您可以在闲暇时间探索这座美妙城市的各种风情。

Ms Nova is the proud possessor of a truly incredible voice.

诺娃女士拥有一副美妙动听的好嗓音，对此她深以为豪。

have a car accident 出车祸

have a crashhave a traffic accident

出车祸

3. Therefore, I have to inform you that maybe I cannot go to work in the next few weeks because of this serious accident.

所以我必须通知您，由于这个严重的意外，我可能在接下来的几个星期内无法到公司上班。

therefore [?eerf??r] adv.因此;所以;因而

He's only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.

他只有17岁，因此没有投票选举的资格。

There is still much to discuss. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.

要讨论的问题还有很多。所以，我们将在下次会议上再讨论这项议题。

Muscle cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories

肌肉细胞需要很多能量，所以会燃烧大量卡路里。

Nothing was to prevent him now from becoming the richest, and therefore the happiest, manin the world.

现在什么也阻挡不了他成为世上最富有因而也是最幸福的人。

The truth is that junk bonds were misnamed, and therefore misunderstood.

事实上人们对垃圾债券的称谓有误，所以产生了误解。

It rained and therefore the football match was postponed.

天下雨，足球赛因此而延期了。

Most voters care more about jobs and therefore the Government can write off votersmotivated by environmental issues

大多数选民更在乎工作，因此政府可以不必在意那些关注环境问题的选民。

They had seen him trawling and therefore knew that there were fish

他们曾见过他用拖网捕鱼，因此知道那里有鱼。

She is a professional economist and therefore schooled in the arguments against that sort of state intervention.

她是个专业经济学家，因此在驳斥类似国家干预行为方面经验丰富。

Some people may manage their finances badly and therefore have to go short of essentials.

有些人可能极不善于理财，因而不得不缺衣少食地将就过活。

He was a businessman, and therefore he always has an eye out for any opportunity to make money.

他是商人，总见钱眼开。

No evidence has been found in the case so far and therefore it is probably a libelous suit.

查无实据，恐怕是诬告。

通过以上例子大家有没有发现and therefore，就可以链接两个句子，表示：因此

如果用逗号隔开，therefore就可以链接两个句子：

He was busy, therefore, he couldn't come.

他忙得很，所以没有来。

《汉英大词典》

It's our hope that we will play an increasingly greater role in the marketplace and, therefore, supply more jobs.

我们希望在市场中扮演越来越重要的角色，从而提供更多的就业机会。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

4. So I want to ask for a month's leave. Thank you for your consideration and

I'm expecting your approval. 特向您请一个月的假。望您考虑并予以批准。

ask for a month's leave请一个月的假

consideration [k?n?s?d??re??n] n.仔细考虑;深思;斟酌;(作计划或决定时)必须考虑的事(或因素、原因);(对他人的)考虑周到，体谅，顾及

复数： considerations

Careful consideration should be given to issues of health and safety.

健康与安全的问题应该认真予以考虑。

The proposals are currently under consideration (= being discussed) .

那些提案目前正在审议中。

After a few moments' consideration, he began to speak.

他想了片刻后开始讲话。

economic/commercial/environmental/practical considerations

需要考虑的经济 / 商业 / 环境 / 实际因素

Time is another important consideration.

时间是另一个需要考虑的重要因素。

Journalists stayed away from the funeral out of consideration for the bereaved family.

出于对丧失亲人家属的考虑，新闻记者没有到葬礼现场。

a small sum in consideration of your services

酬谢你服务的小费

He said there should be careful consideration of the future role of the BBC.

他说应该认真思考英国广播公司将来要扮演的角色。

Several proposals are under consideration by the state assembly.

有几个提案州议会正在讨论中。

Show consideration for other rail travellers

体谅其他铁路乘客。

Really, her tone said, some people have absolutely no consideration.

她的语气的确是在说有些人从不替他人考虑。

《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

Safe driving is good driving because it takes into consideration the lives of other people.

安全驾驶是良好的驾驶习惯，因为它考虑到了他人的人身安全。

He has decided to prosecute her after careful consideration of all the relevant facts

在认真考虑了所有相关事实后，他决定起诉她。

Objections to the plan will be taken into consideration.

对本计划的异议将予以考虑。

I'll let you have an answer after mature consideration.

我考虑成熟后再给你回答。

This proposal is hardly worth of serious consideration.

这个建议几乎不值得认真考虑。

Such ideas merit careful consideration.

这样的想法值得斟酌。

It will be apparent on a moment's consideration.

稍加思考，这个问题就清楚了。

Place health above every other consideration.

把健康置于其他所有需要考虑的事情之上。

Their prime consideration has been not to overheat the economy.

他们首要考虑的是防止经济发展过快。

He has never shown much consideration for his wife's feelings.

他从来不大顾及他妻子的感情。

He was respected by all who knew him for his kind and gentlemanly consideration.

他为人谦和而且有绅士风度，认识他的人都很尊重他。

This measure needs further discussion and consideration.

这项措施尚待商酌。

approval [??pru?vl] n.

赞成;同意;批准，通过，认可(计划、要求等);(商品)试用，包退包换 复数： approvals

She desperately wanted to win her father's approval.

她急不可待地想赢得父亲的赞同。

Do the plans meet with your approval ?

这些计划你赞成吗？

The proposed modifications met with widespread approval.

修改提议得到了广泛的赞同。

Several people nodded in approval .

好几个人点头表示同意。

Jacques tasted one and nodded his approval

雅克尝了一个，点头称好。

A quick nod of approval would have done nicely.

要是当时立即点头同意就好了。

反义词： disapproval（不赞同）

~ (for sth) (from sb)

批准，通过，认可（计划、要求等）

The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval.

该计划将送交委员会正式批准。

parliamentary/congressional/government approval

议会的 / 国会的 / 政府的批准

Senior management have given their seal of approval (= formal approval) to the plans.

高层管理部门已经正式批准这些计划。

I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval.

没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。

planning approvals

（建筑）规划的批准

The proposal is subject to approval by the shareholders (= they need to agree to it) .

这项建议须得到股东的批准。

The chairman has also given his approval for an investigation into the case

主席也已同意对此案进行调查。

The testing and approval of new drugs will be speeded up.

新药品的检测和审批速度将会加快。

His son had an obsessive drive to gain his father's approval

他儿子非常渴望得到父亲的嘉许。

The president's approval rating had risen.

总统的支持率上升了。

New public opinion polls show the president's approval rating at its lowest point since hetook office.

新的民意调查显示总统的支持率跌到了他就职以来的最低点。

Their support is conditional on his proposals meeting their approval.

他们的支持是以他的提案得到他们的批准为条件的。

A reformed party would have to win the approval of the people.

一个革新的政党需要赢得人民的认可。

The promise of some basic working rights draws murmurs of approval

对一些基本工作权利的承诺引来一片低声的赞许。

Washington would not take such a step without its allies ' approval

没有盟国的同意，华盛顿将不会采取这样一种行动。

The Constitution requires the president to seek the prior approval of Congress for militaryaction

宪法规定总统在采取军事行动之前必须获得国会同意。

It's incredible how much Francesca wants her father's approval

你想象不到弗朗西丝卡多么希望得到父亲的同意。

We hope today's offer will meet with your approval too

我们希望今天的提议也能够得到您的首肯。

A roar of approval resounded through the Ukrainian parliament

一片赞成声在乌克兰议会中回响。

Any alterations had to meet the approval of the local planning authority.

任何改建都要取得当地规划机构的批准。

The plan has met with approval.

计划已被批准。

He looked back at the woman for approval, but her face was unreadable.

他回头看那个女人以求得到赞许，但是她的表情让人读不懂。

The city fathers have just given final approval to a new stadium.

市政官员刚刚决定同意建立一座新体育馆。

The prime minister has given his approval to the plan.

总理已经批准了这项计划。

He has won his father's approval.

他赢得了父亲的赞同。

5. Enclosed herewith is my X-ray photo for verification.

随信附上我的 X 光照片以兹证明。

enclosed [?n?klo?zd] adj.(用墙等)围住的，封闭的;随函附上的;附上的;与外界隔绝的

enclose v.(用墙、篱笆等)把…围起来;围住;附入;随函(或包裹等)附上

Please return the completed form, enclosing a recent photograph.

请将填好的表格寄回，并附上近照一张。

I have enclosed a cheque for ￡ 10

我已随信附上10英镑的支票。

He tore open the creamy envelope that had been enclosed in the letter

他撕开了随信寄来的奶油色信封。

The enclosed leaflet shows how Service Care can ease all your worries.

随信寄上的宣传页将说明“服保”如何能为您解除所有烦忧。

I enclose two tickets along with this letter.

我随信附上两张票。

If you would like to send a donation to Cobuild, please enclose a cheque with your

coupon

如果你想为Cobuild语料库捐款，请随订货单附上支票。

Please enclose a self-addressed envelope.

请附上写明姓名地址的回邮信封。

Please remember to enclose a stamped addressed envelope when writing.

请记得写信时在信封里放一个贴好邮票、写明地址的信封。

Please enclose a stamped self-addressed envelope.

请随信寄来一个贴好邮票的回信信封。

Please enclose your remittance, making cheques payable to Thames Valley Technology.

请附上汇款，支票收款人为泰晤士河谷科技公司。

Make sure you enclose all the relevant certificates.

要保证把所有相关证书都放在里面。

Low hedges enclosed the flower beds.

矮树篱把花坛围了起来。

She felt his arms enclose her.

她感到他搂住了她。

he yard had been enclosed with iron railings.

院子用铁栅栏围了起来。

The land was enclosed in the seventeenth century (= in Britain, when public land was made private property) .

这块地在17世纪被圈为私有。

The surrounding land was enclosed by an eight foot wire fence.

周围的土地围有8英尺高的铁丝栅栏。

herewith [?h?r?w?e] adv.随同此信(或书、文件)

I enclose herewith a copy of the policy.

我随信附上一份保险单。

I return herewith your papers.

我随信退还你的文件。

Enclosed herewith is a twenty-fen stamp.

随函附上20分邮票一张。

Please find two samples enclosed herewith.

寄上样品两种，请查收。

Herewith we are sending you a written contract under seal in two copies.

兹寄上盖有印章的契约一式两份。

my X-ray photo我的 X 光照片

verification [?v?r?f??ke???n]

n.

检验，检查，审核；验收；查证，证实，验证，核实；鉴定；查清;宣誓证实;核对（账目的）真实性

All charges against her are dropped pending the verification of her story.

在她的事情核实之前，所有针对她的指控都已撤回。

I verified the source from which I had that information...

我核实了我所获消息的来源。

知识拓展

一、请假的常用句式：

1.take some time off

请假

2.I was wondering would it be ok with you if i did sth

显示礼貌的句型

3.I was wondering if i could talk to you for a sec?

我能占用您几分钟时间吗？

4.I was wondering would it be ok with you if i took Friday off?

我在想哦，我礼拜五请假你ok吗？

5.I have some personal issue i need to take care of.

我有私事要处理

6.I need a day off today because my wife is going into labor today.

我今天需要请一天假，我老婆要生孩子了。

7.May I have/take a few extra days off?

我可以多请几天假吗？

二、我们就顺便来看下，英文中“请假”的各种说法，以及一些周边小常识。

说到假期的英文，很多人第一反应是 holiday，但其实，

英文中，假期的说法有好几个，而且内涵差很多。今天一起来学习下吧。

holiday, vacation, days off, leave 比较

· holiday：是指因宗教节日或国家喜庆日而设立的法定“假日"。

Christmas holiday is the biggest holiday in many Western countries.

在很多西方国家，圣诞节是最重要的假期。

· vacation：一般指大学的假期

summer vacation 暑假

winter vacation寒假

· days off：纯粹指不用上班，休息的日子，例如周末。

· leave：通常必须是自己申请的休假

· break：指短暂的休息，比如课堂休息、开会休息

下面来看看，在职场上，假期的种类。

各种假期说法

annual leave年假

maternity leave产假

faternity leave陪产假

sick leave 病假

personal leave事假

marriage leave婚假

funeral leave丧假

menstruation leave 生理假

leave for religious holidays宗教假

在正规的公司上班，员工请假的事由大概就是以上这些了。

annual leave 视公司和个人在职年限而定，一般在5-20天不等。

maternity leave一般是98天，产前可以休假15天；难产的，增加产假15天；生育多胞胎（mutiple births），每多生育1个婴儿，增加产假15天。

faternity leave，也就是男人请的陪产假，全国各地都不同，一般在7-30天之间。

marriage leave，各地区差别也很大，一般在10-30天

funeral leave一般为1-3天

menstruation leave：姨妈假，非强制性假期，一般0.5--1天

除了这些假期，还有--

轮休rotate days off

调休 leave/ time off in lieu [lju:]

* in lieu 是代替的意思，leave in lieu 就是替换的休假，也就是调休了。

那么，说到请假，该用什么短语和句式表达呢？

请假 ask for leave

准假 grant leave

超假 overstay one’s leave

告假 on leave

带薪休假 paid leave

批假 approve one's leave

休假 have a holiday

延长假期 extend one's leave

申请休假 submit a request to take the leave

休假中 on holiday/on one’s holiday/ take holiday

再来看看，英文中请假，有哪些句式呢？

常用句式

most commonly used expressions

He has a day off today.

他今天请假一天。

She had two weeks off because she was ill.

因为生病了，她请假两周。

Can I have 3 hours off today in lieu of the 3 hours of overtime I worked last night?

昨天晚上我加班了3个小时，今天我能调休3小时吗？

Do I get time off in lieu if I work overtime on the holiday?

如果假期我加班，我能获得调休吗？

下面我们来看看，如何表达休假理由。

病假理由

sick leave

I don’t feel well./ I am feeling sick./ I am unwell./ I am not doing too well.

我不太舒服。

I have been feeling very run down lately.

最近我有点虚弱。

I think I've caught a bug.

我觉得我是感冒了。

I have a bad headache.

我头疼。

I have a sore arm.

我胳膊疼。

那么，请假了，一般都要做好交接工作。

这种表达如何说呢？

工作交接

useful expression

fill in for someone

fill in 是填空的意思，fill in for sb 就是为别人顶板，暂时代替别人

We'll have to find someone to fill in for Francis tonight as he's ill.

费朗西斯病了，我们得找个什么人今晚顶替他。

cover for somebody代替某人

Can you cover for me on Friday because I am gonna visit my aunt that day.

星期五能不能请你替我个班，那天我要去看阿姨。

最后，给大家看两组请假条的书写方式，

大家下次可以参考用起来。

2018/1/23

MONDAY

Dear Mr./Ms. XXX，

This letter is a formal request for a leave of absence, to follow up on our meeting yesterday. As we discussed, I would like to request a leave of absence from April 1 through June 30, 20XX.

I will return to work on July 1, 20XX.

Please let me know if I can provide further information or if you have any questions.

Thank you very much for your consideration in providing me with this opportunity for personal leave.

Sincerely,

Peter Smith

2017/8/28

MONDAY

Dear Jennifer,

As we discussed yesterday, I would like to request a formal leave of absence from my job. I plan to be away from July 1, 20XX - December 31, 20XX, returning to work on January 1, 20XX.

If approved, I would be glad to help with a plan to cover my workload in my absence. I would also be available to answer questions and provide assistance while I am away.

Please let me know if you need any additional information. Thank you very much for your consideration of my request.

Best,

John White

三、请假的高频使用金句

1. I would like to know if I could ask for a casual leave of absence for one day

我想知道我是否可以请一天的假

2. I think a one-day leave for this Wednesday may be the best solution°

我觉得在周三请一天的假或许是最好的解决

3. I apologize for the inconvenience my absence from work may have caused

我为请假可能对工作上造成不便表示歉意。

4. I have got an accident

我出了意外。

5. I burnt my hands while cooking. 我做饭的时候烫伤了双手。

6. My brother got seriously ill these days and I have to look after him

我弟弟这几天病得很严重,我得照顾他。

高考100个常考知识点读一读至少提高5分

一、名词

考试中，大家常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些集合名词的用法。

1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.

句中的a要去掉，因为advice是不可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其前加a piece of，类似的词有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。

2. That girl loves reading book.

可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词，或将其变为复数。此处最好变为books.

3. He went into a book's shop and bought a dictionary.

一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用's，如my mother's car, 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为a book shop.

4. My family is watching TV.

一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如My family is a happy one; 如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把is改为are。类似的词有：team, class, audience等。

5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.

中学阶段以“o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加es，它们是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s变为复数。

6. This has nothing to do with their believes.（这和他们的信仰没关系。）

以f, fe 结尾的词变为复数时一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s变为复数。所以应把believes改为beliefs.

二、冠词

7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.

用a还是an，取决于后面单词的第一个音标，如为元音用an，为辅音用a。useful的第一个音是辅音所以应把an改为a。类似的，我们说a European country.

8. Plane is a machine that can fly.

Plane为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应在其前加冠词或把它变为复数，而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a，变为A plane。

9. He played a piano at the party yesterday.

把a 改为the ，因为乐器前用定冠词。

10. The machine was invented in 1920s.

在in后加the，因为表示年代用in加the再加几十的复数，如在八十年代in the 80s。

11. Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.

去掉the，因为表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。

三、代词

使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。

12. He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.

定语从句的先行词是those speakers，为复数，因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把his改为their。

13. Whom do you think has left the lights on?

放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不参与句子成分，把它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主语，应把Whom改为Who。

14. The boss pretended not to see John and I.

John和I在句中都做的宾语，应把I 改为me。

15. These books are mine; those in the bag are her.

Her是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名词books，或把her 改为hers。

四、数词

16. There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.

Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等词前有具体数字时后不加s，前面没有具体数字时在其后加s 和of，表示大约几百几千的概念。如 two hundred students（两百个学生），hundreds of students（成百上千个学生）。例句中应把hundreds 改为hundred。

17. Their school is twice as larger as our school.

表倍数关系的as---as中间只能用形容词或副词的原级。因此把larger改为large.

18. Today's homework is a five-hundred-words composition.

几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数，所以把five-hundred-words改为five-hundred-word.

19. Two third of the students in our school are from America.

英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时分母后要加s，所以就把third 改为thirds.

五、形容词和副词

形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是应注意的重点。

20. The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.

appear在此是个系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以把nervously改为nervous.

21. The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.

此句需要一个副词来修饰，hardly是副词，但意为“几乎不”，hard 也可以是副词，表努力，因此把 hardly 改为hard.

22. This shirt is more cheaper than that one.

More只构成比较级，而不能修饰比较级。因此把more去掉。

23. He is the most successful of the two businessmen.

两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改为more.

24. He works less harder than he used to.

表不如… 时用less加上形容词和副词的原级，因此把harder改为hard.

25. The book is fairly more interesting than that one.

fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改为rather.

26. This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.

as … as中间的词序是as加上形容词加上a(n)加上名词再加上as，因此应改为as interesting a story as the one.

27. The weather here is nicer than Xizang.

同样的事物才能相比较，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.

28.You shouldn't stand too closely to him

有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以形容词-ly构成，但他们有不同的含义。close靠近、挨近；closely紧密地，紧紧地

29. I would rather take a train than went by bus.

这个词组为would rather do … than do …，因此把went改为go.

30. Is there interesting anything at the meeting?

修饰anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容词都要放在它们的后面。

31. I never have seen such a person before.

像never之类的副词在句中应放在be动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前。因为应改为I have never seen such a person before.

32. The book is worth to be read.

be worth doing 意为值得被做。因此改为The book is worth reading.

33. It is sure that he will succeed.

sure 的主语只能为人，而certain的主语可为人和物。因此把sure改为certain.

34. He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.

alive 为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此把alive改为living，或把alive 放在writers后面。

35. I don't know that he has finished the work yet.

yet 用于否定和疑问句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改为already.

36. He said nearly nothing at the meeting.

nearly 不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改为almost.

六、介词

37. He usually goes to school by his father's car.

by加上名词表示一种交通方式，中间什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等；如果名词前有其他的词修饰，则应除by以外的其他介词，此处把by改为in.

38. Please wait me at the school gate.

wait为不及物动词，需加介词for后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。

39. He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.

marry不跟 with连用，应把with改为to。

40. I finished the work on time under the help of him.

“在…的帮助下”用with而不用under。

七、情态动词

41. He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.

表特别有把握的肯定判断时用must，表特别有把握的否定判断时用can, can表判断时只用在否定句中。因此把can 改为must。

42. He need come here before the meeting begins.

作情态动词时need用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作实意动词时则可以。所以应改为：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.

43. He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.

used to 用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不了，所以应把后半句改为：but now he is not doing so.

44. I needn't come yesterday because all the work had been finished.

由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去的事情时在情态动词后加 have done，因此在 needn't 后加have。

45. You hadn't better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.

had better 的否定在 better 后面加not.

八、动词的时态

英语的常用时态有十六种，一般根据上下文和时间状语来确定时态。

46. I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.

主句为将来时，其时间、条件、方式和让步状语从句中用一般现在时。因此将will come改为comes。

47. The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.

be about to 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。

48. The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.

此处look并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓语动词，因此把looking 改为looked。

49. I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.

当句中有for加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须为延续性动词，此处把bought改为kept。

50. I haven't learnt any English before I came here.

我来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生的事应该用过去完成时。因此应把haven't改为hadn't

九、动词的语态

及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因此无被动语态。

51. The two thieves have been disappeared.

disappear 为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。所以把 been去掉。

52. The building built now will be our teaching building.

表“现在正在建的”应用被动语态的正在进行时，因此在built 前加being。

53. He is being operated by the famous doctor.

主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完整性，别忘了介词或副词。“给…做手术”应为operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。

54. I wonder if the doctor has been sent.

原因同上，应在sent 后加上for。

55. The book written by him is sold well.

说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动语态。本句应改为：The book written by him sells well.

56. This history book is worthy reading.

“值得被做”可以有如下几种说法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句应该为：This history book is worthy to be read.

十、非谓语动词

57. We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.

此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把discussing改为discussed。

58. The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.

dress为及物动词，意为“给…穿衣服”，此处为分词作定语修饰girl, girl应是它的逻辑宾语，因此把herself去掉。

59. Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital.

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此句应为“因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去”，因此把前半句改为：He being seriously ill.

60. Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.

现在分词的否定应把not放在现在分词前面，所以前半句应改为：Not having seen her for many years.

61. Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.

分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语，此句中地球应该被看，所以把Seeing 改为Seen。

62. English is easy to learn it.

此句中是不定式作状语修饰easy, English应该是learn的逻辑宾语，所以把it去掉。

63. I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.

“让某人做某事”可以有以下几种表达法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。

64. She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.

不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此应改为：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.

65. It’s better to laugh than crying.

表比较时比较的双方应为同种结构，或都是名词或都是不定式。因此有两种改法：It's better to laugh than to cry 或 It's better laughing than crying.

66. It's no use to send for the doctor.

做某事是没用的要说成It's no use doing,所以把to send 改为sending。

67. She practices to play the piano after school every day.

practise 后只跟动名词作宾语，因此把to play 改为playing。

68. When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.

stop doing 为停止做这件事，而stop to do 为停下来正在做的事去做这件事。所以后半句应该为：he stopped to listen to the teacher.

十一、名词性从句

69. We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.

If 和whether都可以引导动词的宾语从句，如果从句做的是介词宾语，只能用whether引导。所以把if 改为whether。

70. I can not decide if to stay or not.

只有whether才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把if 改为whether。

71. My suggestion is we try for a second time.

表语从句的引导词如为that，一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。

72. What will the professor say is not known yet.

名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。因此应改为：What the professor will say is not known yet.

十二、状语从句

73. I will go unless he invites me.

此句意为“除非他邀请我，否则我不去。”而unless相当于if not, 所以本句应改成：I won't go unless he invites me。

74. Although he tried, but he still couldn't keep up with the others.

although 和but 不能同时用在一句话中，去掉任何一个都可以。

75. I won't stay until he comes back.

含有not…until的句子的谓语动词应是点动词，含有until的肯定句的动词应是延续性动词，此句有两种改法：I will stay until he comes back.或I won't leave until he comes back.

十三、定语从句

76. An orphan is a child who's parents are dead.

定语从句中表“…的”引导词只有whose，所以把who's 改为whose。

77. This is the very thing which I lost yesterday.

如果先行词为物且前有the only, the last, the very修饰时，定语从句的引导词只能用that。

78. This is the car for that I paid a high price.

定语从句的先行词为物，而且引导词放在介词后时，只能用which.

79. She is one of the students who has passed the exam.

定语从句修饰one of 加上复数名词时，复数名词是定语从句的先行词，因此把 has 改为have。

80. This is the place where we visited last year.

定语从句的先行词用关系代词还是关系副词要看定语从句中缺不缺主语或宾语，如缺用关系代词，如不缺用关系副词。此句中visit为及物动词，后无宾语，因此把where 改为which或that。

81. I, who is your friend, can understand you.

定语从句的谓语动词应与其先行词保持一致，因此把is 改为am。

82. China is a developing country, that is known to all.

非限定性定语从句的引导词永远不会是that，因此把that 改为which 或as。

十四、主谓一致

83. The poet and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting.

poet和writer共用一个冠词，指的是一个人身兼二职，所以谓语动词应为单数。把are改为is.

84. No one except my parents know it.

主语后加except再加上若干数量的名词，谓语动词和主语保持一致。所以把know改为knows。类似的用法的词或短语有：but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。

85. Your clothes is on the table over there.

clothes为复数句词，谓语动词应为复数。把is改为are。

86. The number of the students in that school are about one thousand.

此名的主语为number而不是students。因此把are 改为is。

87. The class was watching TV when I entered the room.

class作主语时，把它看成一个整体时谓语动词用单数，看成每一个成员的个体行为时谓语动词用复数。一般来说，一些具体行为如看电视、吃饭、洗澡等都属于每一个成员的个体行为。此处把was改为were。

88. The population of our country are increasing slowly now.

population 单独作主语谓语动词经常用单数；如果其前有分数或百分数，而且后面又有复数名词时谓语动词用复数。如：One fifth of the Chinese population are workers. 此处把are改为is。

十五、倒装

89. No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.

no sooner 为否定副词，放于句首时句子要部分倒装，因此此句应改为：No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.

90. Here comes he.

here 放于句首时，句子主谓要完全倒装，但句子主语为代词时，则主谓不倒装。此句应改为：Here he comes.

91. A child as he is, he can speak five languages.

用as引导让步状语从句，可把形容词、副词和不带冠词的名词放于as前。所以前半句改为：Child as he is...

十六、虚拟语气

92.She would have come if we invited her.

这是与过去事实相反的虚拟假设，从句应该用过去完成时。所以在 we 后加 had.

93.My suggestion is that we would send a few people to help them.

suggestion 的表语从句也应用虚拟语气，必须用should加动词原形，should可以省略。此处去掉would 或把would 改为should。

94.The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now.

wish 后的时态应该把真实时态往后推一个时态，所以把has改为had。

95.It's time that we go to bed.

句式为It's time sb did sth 所以把 go 改为 went。

96.I would rather you have another try tomorrow.

词组为would rather sb did sth. 所以把have改为had。

十七、There Be句型

97. There are a bag and several books on the table.

There be 句式遵循谓语动词就近原则，a bag为单数，所以把are改为is。

98. There were several people stood at the back of the room.

There be句式的谓语动词为be动词，句中其他的动词应为非谓语动词。所以把stood改为standing.

十八、修饰语在居中的位置不当

99. We almost have written twenty compositions this term.

像almost这样的副词在句中放在助动词、be动词之后，实意动词之前。因此把almost放在have后面。

100. The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains.

定语从句应紧跟先行词，所以改为：The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.

从企业架构DNA出发来做企业自动化

CXO UNION（CXO联盟）、数字化转型网（www.szhzxw.org）、中国数字化灯塔大会、华东CIO大会

流程自动化、流程挖掘和集成分类三者的界限正在变的模糊。供应商关于数字化转型和流程自动化做出难以区分的声明，提出了类似的结果。然而，不同之处在于他们的基本方法，我称之为决定客户结果的企业架构。在许多情况下，结果仅限于效率。但市场需要更多的东西，以端到端自动化能力的形式，将效率推向其他结果，如创新、增长和真正的业务弹性。

一、企业架构（DNA Matters）

每隔几年，就会有一个病毒式传播的故事，讲述出生时分开的同卵双胞胎如何在成年后发现彼此。这些发现凸显了基因的力量，它决定了兄弟姐妹一生中相似的结果。纪录片《三个完全相同的陌生人》讲述了三胞胎以科学的名义出生时被不道德地分开的令人难以置信的故事。这个悲剧故事也很吸引人;尽管三种完全不同的成长方式，行为模式和生活结果在他们的一生中反复出现。

无论是生物的还是技术的，DNA的力量是不可避免的。如今，社会正在思考“技术基因”如何决定结果，比如算法如何影响民主。我一直在更深入地研究和思考平台架构如何导致预期或意外的后果。

现在是时候仔细研究自动化平台的技术基因了。我曾在三家最大的机器人过程自动化(RPA)供应商担任领导职务，现在在更广泛的自动化类别中为几个组织提供建议。随着过程自动化、过程挖掘和集成类别的发展，供应商承诺的结果听起来是一样的。尽管如此，自动化平台的DNA仍然会给客户带来不同的结果。

流程自动化始于两个承诺:将不同的系统联合在一起，释放位于流程和后台功能中的大量数据。不幸的是，在中国目前十几岁的增长时期，这两个承诺都没有实现。

虽然任务自动化将系统绑定在一起，但底层机器人架构使得解决机器人的脆弱性、可伸缩性以及最重要的集成各种自动化技术(即流程挖掘、智能文档处理、AI/ML、机器人操作分析、业务价值分析和流程生命周期分析)变得非常困难。

同样，随着技术供应商跨入下一个最佳阶段，以超级自动化和极其高效、非常灵活的自主企业为特征，大量特定于业务的数据仍然是一个遥远的现实。

数字转型不能通过纯粹的技术支持、服务主导的方法来实现，并承诺用低代码、灵活的应用程序等来构建自主的企业。与此同时，许多客户只是在寻找自动化来实现最初的核心承诺。

Leslie Willcocks|知识资本合伙人|作者兼伦敦经济学院名誉教授：“自动化正在把巨大的商业价值留在桌面上。在这个过程中构建数字平台，组织可以通过以下方法提高效率至少是200%，通过推广应用，再提高500%提高效率。但真正有价值的财富来自于成熟一个平台，提供业务灵活性，操作适应性，战略选择和弹性，以相对较低的成本。这源于对底层企业架构的核心关注，这有助于获得巨大的价值。”

二、更好，更快，更便宜（Better, faster, cheaper）

我最近读了一篇文章，其中自信地列出了作者对自动化成功定义的看法:为了对业务有任何价值，它必须“更好、更快或更便宜”。这并不奇怪。“更好、更快、更便宜”完美地抓住了自动化的主导叙事:纯粹的效率。假设公司应该通过自动化来改善他们已经在做的相同任务，从而创造经济价值。

效率叙事是由平台DNA驱动的(想想企业架构)。它的流行恰逢RPA和过程挖掘的兴起。UiPath、Automation Anywhere、Celonis和其他公司花费了大量资金(大约40亿美元)来说服业务领导者，他们的流程中隐藏着一座金矿，只要他们能使流程更好、更快、更便宜，他们就会成功。RPA和流程挖掘市场的规模证明了这种方法的价值。

效率固然重要，但它足以帮助企业赢得未来十年的胜利吗?如果以史为鉴，答案是否定的。在技术领域，创新胜过效率。为此，企业领导人不能让更好、更快、更便宜的心态影响他们对自动化潜力的看法。事实上，自动化为创新和增长提供了难以置信的机会，将组织推向机遇的新领域。

Maxim Ioffe | WESCO全球智能自动化领导者：“多年使用不连接的系统导致了不连接的团队和不连接的流程。将系统与RPA连接起来可能是微不足道的，但在业务准备好打破筒仓并重新设计端到端流程之前，它的ROI非常有限。追求完整的ROI将IA项目从技术游戏转变为技术 变更管理。”

三、更深入地研究自动化及自动化背后的企业架构

让我们来看看当今市场上的一些不同的过程自动化解决方案，并讨论他们的解决方案是如何发展的，以及他们的DNA将如何影响他们的结果:

机器人过程自动化：尽管在过去的两年里，RPA供应商进行了多次并购，比如UiPath收购了Cloud Elements, Blue Prism几乎与Tibco合并，但RPA解决方案的底层架构仍然是基于机器人的。换句话说，这些平台是为机器人设计的，可以模仿人类采取的一系列步骤。RPA平台，无论并购捆绑了什么，从根本上来说，仍然是为了提供更好、更快、更便宜的服务，因为设计流程的最简单方法是复制公司中人们已经在做的事情，而不管信息是通过屏幕抓取还是API访问的。

Ankit Thakkar | Thermofisher自动化和金融数字化领导者：“自动化不仅仅关乎速度和成本。Bot架构是非侵入性的，可以帮助你快速获得胜利，但可能不是一个长期的战略解决方案，而API集成不需要这种级别的治理，但可能会有很高的前期成本。业务目标决定选择，其中企业架构是一个巨大的影响因素。”

流程挖掘:恰当地命名为流程挖掘的供应商绘制出公司中发生的事情，并设计采用历史观点:检查您已经在做的事情，并使其更好、更快、更便宜。

在这两种方法中，完全是新领域和创新的用例是很少的。快速浏览一下Gartner的RPA用例或流程挖掘用例列表就可以清楚地看到，每种技术都只是对人们在公司里已经做了几十年的工作进行了重新梳理。

“从根本上说，业务基因组图谱是将业务更深层次地分解为其基本工作流。就像人类基因组图谱一样，商业基因组图谱可能带来的好处将是指数级的，而不仅仅是增量式的。”

Skan.ai联合创始人兼首席运营官/首席运营官

四、无法用制造这些问题的思维水平来解决

毫无疑问，自动化为自主企业提供了动力。但这还不够，如果自动化的定义是RPA的话。基于人工智能的分析，具有可预测和可操作的见解，机器学习和行为分析，持久的治理，以及其他可能是一个有效的、真正自主的企业所需要的。我们还没到那一步。

Jeanne Ross |前麻省理工学院信息系统研究中心主任：“我们所面临的重大问题，无法用制造这些问题的思维水平来解决。”

这个未来的陈述虽然是可以实现的——“最终您将拥有动态组合自己，然后分解自己的流程”，但它需要不同层次的思考、架构和健全的治理。如果我们满怀激情地朝着这个方向前进，而没有吸取自动化的一个细分领域是如何成长起来的教训，我们可能会留下一个失败的客户期望。

Rameshwar Balanagu | Avaya数字战略和企业架构总监：“在当今庞大的自动化领域，建立企业架构蓝图(DNA)的需求比以往任何时候都更加重要。缺乏这一点导致了今天普遍存在的许多自动化故障。但如果您的业务目标纯粹是任务自动化，RPA可以完成这项工作。如果你正在寻求数字化转型，请先从蓝图开始。”

成熟的公司要经历企业架构成熟的五个阶段——从业务竖井到标准化技术，再到优化核心，再到业务模块化，然后是数字生态系统。

五、寻找创新企业架构

建立在集成基础上的自动化方法在它们可以完成的事情上显得最灵活，从长期来看最有价值。当然，你仍然可以做得更好、更快、更便宜，但你也可以做得更多。

集成方法的核心(您也可以将其称为api优先方法，正如一些供应商所做的那样)不是以前所做的复制，而是能够将不同的系统编织在一起以完全实现新功能。当其他类别使现有流程更好、更快、更便宜时，集成平台吸引企业戴上厨师的帽子，将一系列平台混合在一起，看看它们能做出什么样的新配方。华东CIO大会、华东CIO联盟、CDLC中国数字化灯塔大会、CXO数字化研学之旅、数字化江湖-讲武堂，数字化江湖-大侠传、数字化江湖-论剑、CXO系列管理论坛（陆家嘴CXO管理论坛、宁波东钱湖CXO管理论坛等）、数字化转型网，走进灯塔工厂系列、ECIO大会等

有人说“如果数据是新的石油，那么api就是新的管道”，也有人说像德勤（ Deloitte’s）这样的话:“api是被广泛视为下一个业务开发和收入产生迭代的基石。”因此，RPA和过程挖掘领域的参与者一直在收购API供应商也就不足为奇了。Gartner指出，到2023年，“几乎所有主要的RPA供应商都将提供更广泛的流程自动化和集成平台，将屏幕抓取与api结合起来。”

尽管存在这种趋势，但一些人正确地观察到，内置平台的DNA比附加平台具有巨大的优势。Workato首席执行官Vijay Tella表示:“并购往往能满足市场需求，但不一定能解决客户的痛点。

在《谁移动了我的机器人》一书中，我与微软和汉诺威保险公司进行了一次对话，汉诺威保险公司自动化副总裁Prashant Hinge表示，当他做出需要持续3-5年的供应商决策时，他每次都会选择内置或螺栓式。

今天，市场需要端到端流程的自动化。去年，Gartner指出，他们不建议将RPA作为一项长期战略业务战略。其他人则将这项技术称为“快速而肮脏”的解决方案。事实是，RPA和流程挖掘带来了效率，但没有达到真正的业务弹性。

企业的弹性——以及未来10年的成功——将来自于它一直存在的地方:通过创新有效和高效地捕捉绿地机会。

自动化也不例外。企业架构很重要。

原文：

The Process automation, process mining, and integration categories are blurring. Vendors, by making indistinguishable claims about digital transformation and process automation, suggest similar outcomes. However, what differs are their fundamental approaches, which I call the “automation DNA” that dictates customer outcomes. In many cases, the outcomes are limited to efficiency. But the market demands something more, in the form of end-to-end automation capabilities that push beyond efficiency into other outcomes such as innovation, growth, and true business resiliency.

DNA matters

Every few years, a viral story breaks about how identical twins, separated at birth, discovered one another as adults. These discoveries highlight the power of genetics, which dictate similar outcomes across the siblings’ lives. The documentary film Three Identical Strangers tells the incredible story of triplets unethically separated at birth in the name of science. The tragic tale is also fascinating; Despite three completely different upbringings, patterns of behavior and life outcomes repeated across their lives.

Whether biological or technological, the power of DNA is unavoidable. Today, society is reckoning with how “technological genetics” dictate outcomes, such as how algorithms impact democracy. I have been researching and thinking more deeply about how platform architectures can lead to intended or unintended consequences.

It is time to look closely at the technological genetics of automation platforms. I’ve spent time in leadership roles at the three largest robotic process automation (RPA) vendors and now advise several organizations in the broader automation category. As the process automation, process mining, and integration categories have evolved, the outcomes that vendors promise to have are sounding the same. Despite this, the DNA of automation platforms still leads to different outcomes for customers.

Process automation began with two promises: uniting disparate systems together and unleashing the massive trove of data that sits within your processes and back-office functions. In its current teenage years of growth, unfortunately, both these promises are unfulfilled.

While task automation tapes systems together, the underlying bot architecture makes it superiorly difficult to address bot fragility, scalability, and most importantly integrating various automation technologies, i.e. process mining, intelligent document processing, AI/ML, bot operational analytics, business value analytics and process lifecycle analytics together.

Equally so, the massive trove of business-specific data is still a distant reality as technology vendors leapfrog to the next best phrase, featuring hyper-automation and an extremely efficient and very flexible autonomous enterprise.

Digital transformation cannot be achieved through purely tech-enabled, service-led approaches, with the promise to build autonomous enterprises with low code, flexible applications, etc. In the meantime, many customers are simply looking for automation to fulfill the core, initial promises made.

“Automation is leaving massive business value on the table. In the process
of building digital platforms, organizations can increase efficiency by at
least 200%, and by a further 500% through promoting applications that
increase effectiveness. But the real value bonanza comes from maturing
a platform that gives business flexibility, operational adaptability, strategic
options and resilience at a relatively low cost. This stems from a core focus on the underlying enterprise architecture, which contributes to this value bonanza.”

– Leslie Willcocks | Knowledge Capital Partners | Author & Emeritus Professor, London School of Economics

Better, faster, cheaper

I recently read a post that confidently listed the author’s opinion of what defines automation success: it must be “better, faster, or cheaper” in order to be considered of any value to the business. This is not surprising. “Better, faster, cheaper” perfectly captures the dominant narrative about automation: pure efficiency. The assumption is that companies should create economic value with automation by improving the same tasks that they are already doing.

The efficiency narrative is driven by platform DNA (think enterprise architecture). Its popularity coincides with the rise of RPA and process mining. UiPath, Automation Anywhere, Celonis, and others spend a lot of money (approximately $4 billion) to convince business leaders that there is a gold mine hidden in their processes, and if they only make them better, faster, and cheaper, they will succeed. The approach has value, evidenced by the size of the RPA and process mining markets.

Efficiency is great, but is it enough to help businesses win over the next decade? If history is a guide, the answer is no. In technology, innovation beats efficiency. To that end, business leaders cannot allow the better, faster, cheaper mindset to cloud their view of automation’s potential. In fact, automation offers incredible chances for innovation and growth, pushing organizations into greenfield areas of opportunity.

“Years of working with disconnected systems led to disconnected teams and disconnected processes. Connecting systems with RPA may be trivial, but it has very limited ROI until the business is ready to break the silos and redesign end to end processes. Going after full ROI moves an IA program from a technology play into technology change management.”

– Maxim Ioffe | Global Intelligent Automation Leader, WESCO

A deeper dive into automation genetics

Let’s take a look at a few different process automation solutions in the market today and talk about how their solutions have evolved vs. how their DNA will impact their outcomes:

Robotic Process Automation: Although the last two years have seen multiple M&A rounds with RPA vendors buying up API connectors such as UiPath acquiring Cloud Elements, and Blue Prism nearly merging with Tibco, the underlying architecture of RPA solutions remains bot-based. In other words, the platforms are architected for bots to mimic a series of steps that humans take. RPA platforms, no matter what is bolted on by M&A, are still fundamentally designed to offer better, faster, cheaper because the easiest way to design a process is to copy what humans in your company are already doing, regardless of if the information is accessed by screen scraping or API.

“Automation is more than just about speed and cost. Bot architecture is non-invasive, can help you to get a quick win but may not be a long-term strategic solution, while API integration does not need that level of governance but could have high upfront costs. Business objective determines the choice, in which enterprise architecture is a huge influencer.”

— Ankit Thakkar | Automation & Finance Digitization Leader, Thermofisher

Process Mining: Aptly named process mining vendors map out what happens in companies and by design take a historical point of view: examine what you are already doing and make it better, faster, and cheaper.

In both of these approaches, use cases that are completely greenfield and innovative are rare. A quick glance at the Gartner list of RPA use cases or process mining use case list?makes it clear that each technology is simply rehashing work that people have been doing in companies for decades.

“Business genome mapping is fundamentally a deeper decomposition of business into its elemental workflows. As is the case with human genome mapping, what benefits might accrue from business genome mapping will be exponential and not just incremental.”

–Manish Garg | Co-founder & CPO/COO, Skan.ai

All you need is love autonomy

There is no doubt that automation powers the autonomous enterprise. But that’s not enough, if one’s definition of automation is RPA. AI-based analytics with predictable and actionable insights, machine learning and behavioral analytics, perdurable governance and possibly more are needed for an effective, truly autonomous enterprise. We are not there yet.

“The significant problems we face cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them.”

— Jeanne Ross | Former Director at CISR (Centre for Information Systems Research), MIT

This future statement, while achievable – “Ultimately you will have processes that compose themselves on the fly and then decompose themselves”, requires a different level of thinking, architecture, and sound governance. Should we march towards it with unbridled passion, without learning the lessons of how a sub-segment of automation has grown up, we might leave behind a wake of failed customer expectations.

“The need to establish an enterprise architecture blueprint (DNA) is even more crucial than ever before in today’s sprawling Automation landscape. Absence of that leads to many of the automation failures prevalent today. But if your business objective is purely task automation, RPA can do the job. If you are looking for digital transformation, start with the blueprint first.”

– Rameshwar Balanagu | Director Digital Strategy & Enterprise Architecture, Avaya

Established companies go through five stages of enterprise architecture maturity — moving from business silos to standardized technology to optimized core to business modularity and then a digital ecosystem.

Searching for innovation DNA

Automation approaches that are built on a foundation of integration appear nimblest in what they can accomplish and most valuable in the long term. You can certainly still accomplish better, faster, cheaper, but you can also do more.

The DNA of the integration approach (you could also call this the API-first approach, as some vendors have) is not a replication of what has been done before, but the ability to weave disparate systems together to achieve new things entirely. While other categories make existing processes better, faster, cheaper, integration platforms beckon companies to don their chef hat and mix up a collection of platforms to see what new recipe they can achieve.

Some have expressed that in terms of “If data is the new oil, APIs are the new pipelines” or still others in terms like Deloitte’s: “APIs are the cornerstone of what is widely seen as the next iteration of business development and revenue generation.” It is no surprise, then, that players in the RPA and process mining categories have been buying up API vendors. Gartner notes that by 2023, “almost all major RPA vendors will offer a broader process automation and integration platform combining screen scraping with APIs.”

Despite this trend, some are correctly observing that the DNA of built-in platforms offer towering advantages over bolt-on. “Mergers and acquisitions often confirm a market need but don’t necessarily solve the customer’s pain point,” observes Workato CEO Vijay Tella.

In Who Moved My Bots I led a conversation with Microsoft and Hanover Insurance where Prashant Hinge, VP of Automation at Hanover Insurance says, when he makes vendor decisions that need to last for 3-5 years, he is going to choose built-in vs. bolt-on every time.

Today, the market demands automation for end-to-end processes. Last year Gartner noted that they did not recommend RPA as a long-term strategic business strategy. Others have labeled the tech a “quick and dirty” solution. Truth is, RPA and process mining bring efficiencies, but fall short on true business resiliency.

Business resiliency – and success in the next 10 years – will come from the same place it always has: the effective and efficient capture of greenfield opportunities through innovation.

Automation is no exception to this rule. Enterprise architecture (DNA) matters.

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